[Social Status in Psychoprophylaxis]

Zeitschrift Für ärztliche Fortbildung. Oct, 1958  |  Pubmed ID: 13604364

Farmers' Definitions of Retirement

The Gerontologist. Sep, 1967  |  Pubmed ID: 6074353

[Problem of Hashish from the Angle of Police Activity]

Schweizerische Rundschau Für Medizin Praxis = Revue Suisse De Médecine Praxis. Apr, 1971  |  Pubmed ID: 5087747

Familial Mental Retardation in a Family with an Inherited Chromosome Rearrangement

Journal of Medical Genetics. Dec, 1974  |  Pubmed ID: 4140909

Proceedings: Exclusion of Peptidase-A Structural Gene Locus from the Q11q21 Region of Chromosome 18 in Man

Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 1974  |  Pubmed ID: 4827477

Deletion of the Short Arm of Chromosome No. 10

Journal of Medical Genetics. Mar, 1975  |  Pubmed ID: 47396

A newborn male infant, whose karyotype was 46,XY,del(10)(p13) is presented. The clinical features included cleft lip and palate, preauricular pits, low set malpositioned auricles, antimongoloid slant of the eyes, microcephaly, micrognathia, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, cryptorchidism, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. The child died at the age of 3 months in overwhelming urinary infection with septicemic complications. It is suggested that the features described here may represent a new, clinically recognizable chromosomal syndrome.

Report of a Male Trans-sexual

Pennsylvania Medicine. Jun, 1976  |  Pubmed ID: 967482

Down and Turner Syndromes in a Female Infant with 47,X,del(X)(p11),+21

Human Genetics. Nov, 1977  |  Pubmed ID: 144697

Neurofibromatosis of the Feet. A Review and Case Report

Journal of the American Podiatry Association. Jul, 1980  |  Pubmed ID: 6769992

Diabetes and Syphilis in a Patient with Ingrown Toenails: a Case Report

Journal of the American Podiatry Association. Jul, 1981  |  Pubmed ID: 7264151

Foreign Body Localization and Retrieval in the Foot

The Journal of Foot Surgery. 1981  |  Pubmed ID: 7347343

"Discontent and Crisis at Schools of Nursing: the Consequences of Unmet Human Needs."

Western Journal of Nursing Research. 1982  |  Pubmed ID: 6917636

Balancing Organizational Demands with Human Needs: the Ironic Emphasis in Schools of Nursing

Western Journal of Nursing Research. 1982  |  Pubmed ID: 6919322

Small Mammal Studies in a SAD Baiting Area

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 1982  |  Pubmed ID: 7128065

Studies in the laboratory or in the field on the effect of SAD virus on small rodents are reported. Laboratory experiments by oral inoculation of SAD strain in a wide variety of small mammals led to the conclusion that spontaneous SAD transmission from rodent to rodent is a rare event. Field experiments were conducted by live-trapping, sacrifice and analysis of 192 Apodemus sylvaticus, 28 Clethrionomys glareolus and 48 Crocidura russula. They gave no indication that SAD virus became established in this small animal community on an island after a single exposure to a high density (300 sites on 10 hectares) of vaccine baits.

The Epidemiology of Progressive Burnout: a Primer

Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration. 1986  |  Pubmed ID: 10279826

[Isolated Perfusion of the Small Intestine of the Rat with Perfluorotributylamine As an Artificial Oxygen Carrier]

Infusionstherapie Und Klinische Ernährung. Aug, 1987  |  Pubmed ID: 3679523

A new model of isolated intestinal perfusion could be established with fluorocarbon (FC-43) as artificial oxygen carrier. Morphology, cell metabolism of xenobiotics (phase I and II), as well as the transport of a monosaccharide, were stable for at least 2 h. Without interference with the changing metabolism of erythrocytes in the perfusion medium, the proposed model allows one to investigate exclusively the metabolic function of the perfused organ.

Microbial Metabolism of Quinoline and Related Compounds. II. Degradation of Quinoline by Pseudomonas Fluorescens 3, Pseudomonas Putida 86 and Rhodococcus Spec. B1

Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler. Nov, 1989  |  Pubmed ID: 2514722

Quinoline catabolism was investigated with different bacterial strains, able to use quinoline as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Some degradation products of quinoline were isolated from the culture fluids and identified. With Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida we found 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 8-hydroxycoumarin and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid as intermediates. With a Rhodococcus strain 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline, a red meta-cleavage product and a blue fluorescent compound were isolated. The red compound was identified as 5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridone. From this the blue fluorescent azacoumarin 2H-pyrano-2-one-[3,2b]-5H-6-pyridone is formed by chemical decomposition. Therefore it can be considered a by-product of quinoline-degradation in Rhodococcus spec. With the present results two different degradation pathways for quinoline in different microorganisms are proposed.

Microbial Metabolism of Quinoline and Related Compounds. VII. Quinoline Oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas Putida: a Molybdenum-containing Enzyme

Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler. Dec, 1990  |  Pubmed ID: 2090161

The quinoline oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas putida was purified 50-fold to homogeneity with 21% recovery, using ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction-, anion exchange-, and gel chromatography. The Mr of the native enzyme was calculated to be 300,000 by gel filtration. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme revealed three protein bands corresponding to Mr 85,000, 30,000 and 20,000. The enzyme contained 8 atoms of iron, 8 atoms of acid-labile sulfide, 2 molecules of FAD, and the molybdenum cofactor, molybdopterin. Besides quinoline, the quinoline oxidoreductase also catalysed the conversion of 5-, 6-, 7- and 8-hydroxyquinoline and 8-chloroquinoline to the corresponding 2-oxo compounds. The incorporated oxygen atom was derived from water. Cyanide and methanol were effective inhibitors.

[The Medico-Psychological Regional Services of Poitiers. 10 Years Later]

Soins. Psychiatrie. Jun-Jul, 1990  |  Pubmed ID: 2389178

Cholesterol Limits Estrogen Uptake by Liposomes and Erythrocyte Membranes

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Oct, 1994  |  Pubmed ID: 7918555

Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) were prepared from phospholipids with and without cholesterol in equimolar amounts and [4-14C]estradiol. Unincorporated estrogen was removed by petroleum ether extraction or by aqueous buffer washes. In either case, cholesterol-containing vesicles incorporated one-half the estradiol as vesicles without sterol. Addition of estradiol to preformed vesicles followed by buffer washes showed that vesicles without cholesterol invariably retained more estradiol than those with the sterol. Reduction of the cholesterol content to one-half increased estradiol incorporation. The pattern of estradiol removal from MLV with successive buffer washes indicated that much of the steroid associated with cholesterol-containing vesicles was superficially bound to the membrane but vesicles without cholesterol incorporated the estrogen into the bilayer structure. To test the role of cholesterol in limiting the uptake of an estrogen by cells, right-side out resealed ghosts of ox erythrocytes were prepared. They were partially depleted of cholesterol by exposure to small unilamellar vesicles of dioleoylphosphatidyl choline. A decrease in cholesterol content correlates with an increase in estradiol uptake by red cell ghosts. The experiments described point to a central role of cholesterol in limiting the uptake of steroids. The loss of cholesterol of steroid producing cells caused by tropic hormones may be key to their mode of action in promoting secretion of steroid hormones. Likewise, the long-term genomic responses of steroid target cells may depend upon their cholesterol content and the ease by which the steroid can penetrate the membrane barrier.

Microwave and Infrared Spectra, Ab Initio Calculation, and Two-Dimensional Model of Amino Group Inversion and Ring Puckering in 2,5-Dihydropyrrole

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. Dec, 1996  |  Pubmed ID: 8979995

The microwave spectra of 2,5-dihydropyrrole and 2,5-dihydropyrrole-1-d1 have been measured with Stark and Fourier transform spectrometers in the range 10-39 GHz. Rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and 14N quadrupole coupling constants have been determined from the observed transition frequencies for the ground vibrational state. In addition, two satellites of the normal species and one satellite of the deuterated species have been identified and measured. Splittings of the rotational transitions due to amino group inversion tunneling have been observed and analyzed. Infrared transitions of the amino group inversion mode have been measured in the range 490-720 cm-1. The effect of ring puckering on the inversion motion of the amino group in 2,5-dihydropyrrole and 2,5-dihydropyrrole-N-d1 has been investigated by ab initio calculations and two-dimensional flexible model calculations from the results of microwave and infrared spectroscopy. The observed molecular properties have been reproduced by a model which involved adjustable parameters for the potential energy surface and the structural relaxation of the CCC valence angles. Additional parameters have been transferred from the ab initio calculations. The adjustment of the model to the experimental data has yielded an equatorial equilibrium conformation with slightly larger CCC valence angle than in the most stable axial conformation. Excitation of the first ring puckering state has been found to enhance the inversion tunnel splittings.

A Search for Interstellar Oxiranecarbonitrile (C3H3NO)

Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere : the Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life. Apr, 1996  |  Pubmed ID: 11536752

We report a search in cold, quiescent and in 'hot core' type interstellar molecular clouds for the small cyclic molecule oxiranecarbonitrile (C3H3NO), which has been suggested as a precursor of important prebiotic molecules. We have determined upper limits to the column density and fractional abundance for the observed sources and find that, typically, the fractional abundance by number relative to molecular hydrogen of C3H3NO is less than a few times 10(-10). This limit is one to two orders of magnitude less than the measured abundance of such similarly complex species as CH3CH2CN and HCOOCH3 in well-studied hot cores. A number of astrochemical discoveries were made, including the first detection of the species CH3CH2CN in the massive star-forming clouds G34.3+0.2 and W51M and the first astronomical detections of some eight rotational transitions of CH3CH2CN, CH3CCH, and HCOOCH3. In addition, we found 8 emission lines in the 89 GHz region and 18 in the 102 GHz region which we were unable to assign.

Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance: Does It Exist in Basques?

British Journal of Haematology. Dec, 1997  |  Pubmed ID: 9401095

The Forbidden Rotational Q-Branch of CH3CF3: Torsional Properties and (A1 - A2) Splittings

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. Aug, 1998  |  Pubmed ID: 9668025

The pure rotational spectrum driven by the small distortion dipole moment perpendicular to the symmetry axis has been investigated between 8 and 18 GHz for CH3CF3 in the ground vibrational state using a pulsed Fourier transform waveguide spectrometer. This molecule has been selected as a prototype for the case of a symmetric top with small ( approximately 500 kHz) torsional energy splittings in the ground torsional state (nu6 = 0). In this state, six (k +/- 3 <-- k) Q-branch series have been measured for lower state K = |k| between 3 and 8 with 27

Motor Cortex Plasticity During Constraint-induced Movement Therapy in Stroke Patients

Neuroscience Letters. Jun, 1998  |  Pubmed ID: 9696052

Stroke patients in the chronic phase received constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy. The motor cortex was spatially mapped using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after 2 weeks of treatment. Motor-output areas of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle, motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes and location of centre of gravity (CoG) of motor cortex output were studied. After CI therapy, motor performance improved substantially in all patients. There was also an increase of motor output area size and MEP amplitudes, indicating enhanced neuronal excitability in the damaged hemisphere for the target muscles. The mean centre of gravity of the motor output maps was shifted considerably after the rehabilitation, indicating the recruitment of motor areas adjacent to the original location. Thus, even in chronic stroke patients, reduced motor cortex representations of an affected body part can be enlarged and increased in level of excitability by an effective rehabilitation procedure. The data therefore demonstrate a CNS correlate of therapy-induced recovery of function after nervous system damage in humans.

Effects of Constraint-induced Movement Therapy on Patients with Chronic Motor Deficits After Stroke: a Replication

Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation. Mar, 1999  |  Pubmed ID: 10066856

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CI therapy) has previously been shown to produce large improvements in actual amount of use of a more affected upper extremity in the "real-world" environment in patients with chronic stroke (ie, >1 year after the event). This work was carried out in an American laboratory. Our aim was to determine whether these results could be replicated in another laboratory located in Germany, operating within the context of a healthcare system in which administration of conventional types of physical therapy is generally more extensive than in the United States.

First Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the (3S,5R,7R,10R,11R)-C1-C13 Fragment of Nystatin A(1)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry. Jul, 1999  |  Pubmed ID: 11674606

A convergent stereoselective synthesis of the (3S,5R,7R,10R,11R)-C1-C13 fragment of Nystatin A(1) is reported in this paper. This fragment contains an all-syn-1,3,5-triol subunit and a syn-1,2-diol moiety. The main features of the synthesis are the enzymatic desymmetrization of a meso diol to obtain an enantiomerically pure syn-4,6-dihydroxy-2-keto-phosphonate, chiral sulfoxide chemistry to prepare an alpha-(R)-hydroxyaldehyde and 2-trimethylsilyl thiazole reagent to synthesize a syn-alpha,beta-(R,S)-dihydroxy aldehyde.

Experimental Investigations on the B and T Cell Immune Response in Primary Alveolar Echinococcosis

Parasite Immunology. Aug, 1999  |  Pubmed ID: 10417675

Susceptibility/resistance of the intermediate host to alveolar echinococcosis (AE) seems to be based on hitherto unknown immunological mechanisms, possibly involving the activation of different CD4+ T cell immune responses (Th1/Th2). Mice of two strains previously characterized as 'susceptible' (C57BL/6 J) and 'resistant' (C57BL/10 J) to secondary AE were orally infected with eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis and the course of infection was analysed by macroscopical, pathohistological and immunohistochemical examinations of the lymphocytes and cytokines participating in the periparasitic granulomas and by serological examinations of cytokines and E. multilocularis-specific antibodies. Although differences in the extent of parasitic growth were seen between the two groups, the composition of the granulomas was quite similar with CD4+ cells being the dominant lymphocyte subpopulation, succeeded by B cells and CD8+ cells. Interferon (IFN)-gamma-, interleukin (IL)-2- and IL-4-expressing cells could not be detected in the lesions of the early phase of the infection, possibly indicating the host's immunosuppression, but were present at the end. IL-10 was the most prominent cytokine throughout the course of the disease. Serological analyses of the cytokine concentrations revealed small amounts at the beginning and high levels at the end of the infection. The pattern of cytokine response was similar for IL-4 in both strains, but different for IL-2 and IL-10 in the late phase, when the C57BL/10 J strain developed higher levels than the C57BL/6 J strain. Correspondingly only small amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 could be detected at the beginning of disease, followed by higher levels at the end. The courses of antibody titres were similar in both groups except IgG3, which was more pronounced in the C57BL/10 J strain. Parasite-specific IgG2b could neither be detected in the C57BL/6 J nor in the C57BL/10 J strain by the test system used. The results of the study suggest both subsets of CD4+ T cells (Th1 and Th2) being involved in murine primary alveolar echinococcosis. A strict differentiation of mice in susceptible and resistant animals based on the activation of different CD4+ T cell immune responses (Th1 'resistant' and Th2 'susceptible') should be avoided.

Diagnosis of Feline Herpesvirus Infection by Immunohistochemistry, Polymerase Chain Reaction, and in Situ Hybridization

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc. Mar, 2000  |  Pubmed ID: 10730956

An adult domestic shorthair cat had severe chemosis due to purulent and necrotizing blepharitis and conjunctivitis. Purulent rhinitis, necrotizing glossitis, and dermatitis were also diagnosed. The cat was positive for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus. Histologically, intranuclear Cowdry type A inclusions were found within numerous epithelial cells adjacent to the lesions in skin, conjunctiva, and tongue. Electron microscopic examination revealed herpesviral particles within the lesions. Paraffin-embedded skin and tongue tissues were processed in a polymerase chain reaction, using primers to amplify a 306-bp region of the thymidine kinase gene of feline herpesvirus type 1, resulting in a distinct amplification product of the predicted size. The distribution of feline herpesvirus was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and nonradioactive in situ hybridization. Positive immunostaining was found in nuclei and cytoplasm of numerous epithelial cells within and next to the lesions, whereas in situ hybridization, performed with a digoxigenin-labeled double-stranded DNA probe, revealed hybridization signal only in nuclei of intact epithelial cells. Neither immunohistochemistry nor in situ hybridization showed feline herpesvirus type 1 in tissues of lungs, liver, spleen, intestine, or brain.

The Rotational Spectrum of SO(2) and the Determination of the Hyperfine Constants and Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Tensors of (33)SO(2) and SO(17)O

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. May, 2000  |  Pubmed ID: 10753605

Precise frequencies for the 1(11)-2(02) transition of (33)SO(2) and SO(17)O in natural isotopic abundance have been obtained near 12 GHz by microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy in order to yield improved hyperfine constants. Nuclear spin-rotation coupling constants have been determined experimentally for (33)SO(2) for the first time. The spin-rotation constants have been used to derive nuclear magnetic shielding parameters. These parameters are compared with values for the isoelectronic O(3) molecule. The transition mentioned above was also measured for (32)SO(2), (34)SO(2), SO(18)O, and vibrationally excited (v(2) = 1) (32)SO(2). For (33)SO(2), some transitions with large hyperfine splitting were also recorded in the millimeter-wave region. Continuing our investigations of the rotational spectra of SO(2) in the submillimeter region, several transitions of SO(17)O have been recorded with the Cologne terahertz spectrometer between 540 and 840 GHz with J and K(a) up to 63 and 16, respectively. Transitions with high K(a), up to 28, have been recorded with the JPL laser sideband spectrometer between 1.8 and 3.2 THz. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

[Ultrasonically Established Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL): Incidence and Associated Factors in Switzerland 1995-1997]

Zeitschrift Für Geburtshilfe Und Neonatologie. Mar-Apr, 2000  |  Pubmed ID: 10798267

Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is an ischemic brain lesion that mainly affects preterm infants and causes severe neurological damage. Diagnosis is made by cranial ultrasonography. Objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, to identify associated factors and to evaluate the frequency of neurological abnormality at discharge.

Treatment-induced Cortical Reorganization After Stroke in Humans

Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation. Jun, 2000  |  Pubmed ID: 10835434

Injury-induced cortical reorganization is a widely recognized phenomenon. In contrast, there is almost no information on treatment-induced plastic changes in the human brain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate reorganization in the motor cortex of stroke patients that was induced with an efficacious rehabilitation treatment.

Granulomatous Skin Lesions Due to Histoplasmosis in a Badger (Meles Meles) in Austria

Medical Mycology : Official Publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Jun, 2000  |  Pubmed ID: 10892994

We describe the first case of histoplasmosis due to infection with Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum in a wild badger (Meles meles) in Austria. Diagnosis was established by histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of yeast forms in skin lesions and lymph nodes. Although Austria has yet to be regarded as an endemic region for H. capsulatum, infections of animals and humans exposed to contaminated soil cannot be excluded.

Apoptosis in Feline Panleukopenia and Canine Parvovirus Enteritis

Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health. Dec, 2000  |  Pubmed ID: 11204132

Tissue samples of cats and dogs with panleukopenia and parvovirus enteritis, respectively, were examined for the presence of viral antigen-positive cells and apoptotic cells by immunohistochemistry and by TUNEL assay (Terminal Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling). Compared to control animals, infected cats and dogs generally had more TUNEL-positive cells. Cell types positive for parvovirus antigen, for example digestive tract epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and lymphocytes and macrophages in lymphoid tissues were also positive for TUNEL signals. Occasionally, TUNEL signal and viral antigen were present in the same tissue areas, suggesting a direct viral trigger of apoptosis. More frequently, however, there was no complete overlap of antigen and TUNEL-positive areas. The results of this study indicate that apoptotic cell death contributes significantly to the widespread tissue damage of parvovirus infection in cats and dogs.

Gas-phase Structures of Acetyl Peroxynitrate and Trifluoroacetyl Peroxynitrate

Inorganic Chemistry. Mar, 2001  |  Pubmed ID: 11261978

The molecular structures and conformational properties of acetyl peroxynitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) and trifluoroacetyl peroxynitrate (FPAN, CF3C(O)OONO2) were investigated in the gas phase by electron diffraction (GED), microwave spectroscopy (MW), and quantum chemical methods (HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G*, MP2/6-31G*, B3PW91/6-31G*, and B3PW91/6-311+G*). All experimental and theoretical methods show the syn conformer (C=O bond of acetyl group syn to O-O bond) to be strongly predominant relative to the anti conformer. The O-NO2 bonds are extremely long, 1.492(7) A in PAN and 1.526(10) A in FPAN, which correlates with their low bond energy and the easy formation of CX3C(O)OO* and *NO2 radicals in the atmosphere. The O-O bonds (1.418(12) A in PAN and 1.408(8) A in FPAN) are shorter than that in hydrogen peroxide (1.464 A). In both compounds the C-O-O-N dihedral angle is close to 85 degrees.

Equine Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis

Acta Neuropathologica. Apr, 2001  |  Pubmed ID: 11355313

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is an inherited, neurodegenerative disorder with fatal outcome in humans. It has also been described in some animal species; this is the first report of NCL in equines. Three horses showed developmental retardation, slow movements and loss of appetite at the age of six months. Neurological symptoms, as well as visual failure in one case, were noticed at the age of 1 year. Due to slowly progressing deterioration, euthanasia was indicated 1.5 years after onset of conspicuous behavior. At necropsy, slight flattening of the gyri and discoloring of the brain was noticed. Histopathology revealed eosinophilic, autofluorescent material in the perikarya of neurons throughout the brain and spinal cord. Identical material was found in neurons of retina, submucous and myenteric ganglia, as well as in glial cells. Immunohistochemistry, using antiserum against subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase, showed positive signals in neurons and glial cells. Electron microscopical studies revealed fingerprint profiles mixed with rectilinear structures in markedly enlarged lysosomes of neurons and renal tubules, and rectilinear structures mixed with curvilinear bodies in macrophages and lymphocytes of lymph nodes. Thus, our study presents the first occurrence of lysosomal storage disease in horses, further characterized by immunohistochemical and electron microscopical investigations as NCL.

[Histoplasmosis in Two Badgers (Meles Meles) in Northern Germany]

DTW. Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift. Jun, 2001  |  Pubmed ID: 11449917

An infection with Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed in two wild badgers (Meles meles) in northern Germany, which was predominantly localized in the skin and the regional lymph nodes. The yeast-like fungi were identified in tissue sections using histological and immunohistological methods.

Ultrasonography of the Teat Canal in Cows and Sheep

The Veterinary Record. Jul, 2001  |  Pubmed ID: 11504201

When the isolated teat of a cow was examined with an 8.5 MHz linear array transducer in a vertical plane, the teat canal appeared as a thin, white line, bordered on each side by parallel, thick, grey-black bands. In a horizontal plane a comparable image was obtained. In a sheep, images of comparable quality were obtained with a 12 MHz transducer. Histological studies of the tissues whose removal led to the disappearance of this characteristic ultrasonographic appearance showed that it was associated with the stratified keratinised squamous epithelium with distinct papillae. The content of keratin in the stratum corneum was apparently responsible for the bright zone; the stratum lucidum was not visible, and the surrounding dark, less echoic area was associated with the stratum granulosum. Doppler echography in live animals confirmed this designation. The outer layers of the teat wall were more echogenic.

Evaluation of Agricultural Sediment Load Reductions Using Vegetative Filter Strips of Cool Season Grasses

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation. Sep-Oct, 2001  |  Pubmed ID: 11765995

Vegetative filter strips for controlling sediment generated from the bare ground (i.e., ground not protected by mulch or plant cover) were studied. Plots consisted of a 4.6-m clean-tilled upslope sediment source area and 12.2-m vegetative filter strip located downslope from the sediment source area. Vegetative filter strips consisted of pure stands of six adapted cool season grasses and two cereal grains. Sediment-laden runoff was transported into the upslope edge of each filter strip. Runoff samples were collected from the lower end of each plot and analyzed for nonflow weighted sediment concentration. The rate of advance of water through each vegetative filter strip was measured. Additional measurements were made to define the plant characteristics of each vegetative filter strip species. In general, planted vegetative filter strips resulted 68% reduction concentration of sediment in initial runoff from a 50-year, 24-hour storm event on prewetted soil. Crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass vegetative filter strips reduced water flow velocity an average of 217% compared with the clean-tilled control plot. The length of time that water remained in the vegetative filter strip modestly correlated with average sediment concentration in runoff that was 5.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L, respectively, compared with the control plot, which yielded 16.3 g of sediment/L of runoff. Under dry soil conditions, sediment concentration in runoff from bromegass and crested wheatgrass was reduced by an average of 85% compared with the bare control plot. Length of time for water to advance through the smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass vegetative filter strips increased an average of 325% compared with the length of time required to flow through the clean-tilled bare strip.

Tickborne Encephalitis in a Mouflon (Ovis Ammon Musimon)

The Veterinary Record. Feb, 2002  |  Pubmed ID: 11878442

[Combined Outpatient Alcoholism Therapy and Occupational Rehabilitation on Welfare Recipients--results of a Pilot Study]

Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie. Aug, 2002  |  Pubmed ID: 12149683

This study tested the feasibility of outpatient abstinence treatment among alcohol dependent subjects on welfare. Patients had a long history of alcohol dependence and prolonged unemployment. Over a period of six months a total of 250 patients were approached by the social welfare office and asked to participate in the program. The program involved detoxification and a three month combined alcohol treatment and personal job training. Of the 250 persons approached 96 patients (about 40 %) appeared for the initial examination, 19 patients (13 %) finished detoxification and a total of 5 patients completed the program. The majority of a group of patients considered to be highly therapy resistant did not complete the program. Still it was important to demonstrate that a subgroup of patients did successfully complete this program. We consider this pilot project a successful starting point for further development of treatment approaches targeted more specifically at this group of patients.

Role of Calcium in E-selectin Induced Phenotype of T84 Colon Carcinoma Cells

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. Feb, 2003  |  Pubmed ID: 12589798

The adhesion of cancer cells to the endothelium during the metastatic process involves the interaction of specific cell-cell adhesion receptors on the cell surface. E-selectin on endothelial cells and sialyl Lewis X carbohydrate component on tumor cells are mainly implicated in the adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to the endothelium of target organ. In this paper we show that binding of E-selectin to T84 colon tumor cells causes approximately a twofold increase in intracellular calcium concentration. In particular, using two inhibitors of receptor operated calcium channels, CAI and SK&F 96365, we present evidences that the augmentation in cytoplasmic calcium originates from ionic influx from extracellular sources. Furthermore, we demonstrated that modulation of [Ca2+]i by engagement of E-selectin receptor starts signal transduction pathways that affect cell spreading, tyrosine phosphorylation signaling, and cancer cell motility.

Irrigated Mountain Meadow Fertilizer Application Timing Effects on Overland Flow Water Quality

Journal of Environmental Quality. Sep-Oct, 2003  |  Pubmed ID: 14535323

Nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural activities is currently the leading cause of degradation of waterways in the United States. Applying best management practices to flood-irrigated mountain meadows may improve agricultural runoff and return flow water quality. Prior research has focused on fertilizer use for increased hay yields, while few studies have investigated the environmental implications of this practice. We examined the effects of fertilizer application timing on overland flow water quality from an irrigated mountain meadow near Gunnison, Colorado. Application of 40 kg phosphorus (P) and 19 kg nitrogen (N) ha(-1) using monoammonium phosphate (11-52-0, N-P-K) fertilizer to plots in the fall significantly reduced concentrations of reactive P and ammonium N in irrigation overland flow compared with early or late spring fertilization. Reactive P loading was 9 to almost 16 times greater when fertilizer was applied in the early or late spring, respectively, compared with in the fall. Ammonium N followed a similar trend with early spring loading more than 18 times greater and late spring loading more than 34 times greater than loads from fall-fertilized plots. Losses of 45% of the applied P and more than 17% of the N were measured in runoff when fertilizer was applied in the late spring. These results, coupled with those from previous studies, suggest that mountain meadow hay producers should apply fertilizer in the fall, especially P-based fertilizers, to improve hay yields, avoid economic losses from loss of applied fertilizers, and reduce the potential for impacts to water quality.

Spontaneous Uterine Fibroleiomyoma in a Captive Cheetah

Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine. Sep, 2003  |  Pubmed ID: 14633230

Information on uterine neoplasia in felids and more so in non-domestic felids is sparse. In non-domestic felids, this may be due to the small sample size. A uterine fibroleiomyoma is described in a 17-year-old captive cheetah. The multicentric nodular tumour masses were situated in the myometrium, were well demarcated, non-encapsulated and did not show infiltrative growth. Between the neoplastic cells, numerous of varying width, and irregularly braided bundles and whorls of collagen and reticular fibres were demonstrated. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed positive reactions for both desmin, the marker for smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and vimentin, the marker for fibrocyte-derived cells.

Is Oxidative Stress the Mechanism of Blue Sac Disease in Retene-exposed Trout Larvae?

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry / SETAC. Mar, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 15779771

Retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene) causes blue sac disease (BSD) in early life stages of fish, an effect similar to that of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin. The signs of BSD include cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) induction, edema, hemorrhaging, and craniofacial deformities, indicating membrane damage, circulatory failure, and impaired development. To test if the underlying cause was oxidative stress, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae were exposed to waterborne retene or to known prooxidants (paraquat, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and carbon tetrachloride) in the presence or absence of vitamin E, an antioxidant. Fish exposed to retene showed an increased prevalence of BSD, reduced tissue concentrations of vitamin E and total glutathione, and a lower percentage of glutathione in a reduced form. Coexposure to vitamin E reduced the prevalence of BSD and restored tissue concentrations of vitamin E, but it did not affect retene uptake or tissue concentrations of glutathione. These responses are consistent with oxidative stress as a mode of action of retene. However, retene did not affect whole-body lipid peroxide concentrations, and prooxidants did not affect the prevalence of BSD and had only minimal effects on tissue glutathione and vitamin E. Possible explanations for these conflicting results include prooxidant exposures were insufficient to generate oxidative stress; lipid peroxidation may not be measurable in whole-body homogenates of retene-exposed fish if effects are localized to endothelial cells, where CYP1A enzymes are most induced; or retene may have an alternate mode of action (e.g., adduction of retene metabolites to lipids, protein, or DNA).

Soil Properties Affecting Wheat Yields Following Drilling-fluid Application

Journal of Environmental Quality. Sep-Oct, 2005  |  Pubmed ID: 16091622

Oil and gas drilling operations use drilling fluids (mud) to lubricate the drill bit and stem, transport formation cuttings to the surface, and seal off porous geologic formations. Following completion of the well, waste drilling fluid is often applied to cropland. We studied potential changes in soil compaction as indicated by cone penetration resistance, pH, electrical conductivity (EC(e)), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), extractable soil and total straw and grain trace metal and nutrient concentrations, and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'TAM 107') grain yield following water-based, bentonitic drilling-fluid application (0-94 Mg ha(-1)) to field test plots. Three methods of application (normal, splash-plate, and spreader-bar) were used to study compaction effects. We measured increasing SAR, EC(e), and pH with drilling-fluid rates, but not to levels detrimental to crop production. Field measurements revealed significantly higher compaction within areas affected by truck travel, but also not enough to affect crop yield. In three of four site years, neither drilling-fluid rate nor application method affected grain yield. Extractions representing plant availability and plant analyses results indicated that drilling fluid did not significantly increase most trace elements or nutrient concentrations. These results support land application of water-based bentonitic drilling fluids as an acceptable practice on well-drained soils using controlled rates.

Synthesis of Derivatives of Potent Antitumor Bistramides D and A Leading to the First Crystal Structure of Natural Bistramide D

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. May, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16688329

We report a crystalline derivative of bistramide D synthesized from natural bistramide A, and its structure was determined by X-ray analysis.

Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Human-bovine (WC3) Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine at the End of Shelf Life

Pediatrics. Jan, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17200266

Rotavirus is the leading cause of dehydrating acute gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. Previous studies of a live pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine have shown it to be efficacious across a range of potencies.

Neonatal Seizures: Eyes Open or Closed?

Epilepsia. Feb, 2007  |  Pubmed ID: 17295637

It has been shown that persistent eye closure during paroxysmal events in infants makes seizures unlikely. Our study aims to assess whether this is also true in neonates.

A Convenient Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) As an Aminocyclitol Scaffold for the Development of Novel Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Derivatives Against Bacterial Resistance

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. Aug, 2008  |  Pubmed ID: 18688488

The development of new aminoglycoside analogues to reduce the emergence of bacterial resistance has become a topic of high interest. We describe here a rapid and facile access to orthogonally protected 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS), a meso-diaminocyclitol known to be a pivotal component of most active aminoglycosides. Our synthetic approach started from highly protected methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside which in turn was converted by a Ferrier rearrangement into an enantiopure polyfunctionalized cyclohexane ring. Finally, two different N-protected groups were successively introduced. The first one was inserted as an oximino benzylether followed by a diastereofacial hydride reduction, working with Me(4)NBH(OAc)(3) only in TFA at low temperature rather than in AcOH as usual. The second group was introduced by displacement of a hydroxyl group through a Mitsunobu reaction using a DPPA-DIAD-Ph(3)P system for azide transfer.

Intrauterine Subdural Hemorrhage in a Preterm Neonate Possibly Associated with Maternal Low-molecular Weight Heparin Treatment

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association. Jul, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19556984

We report intrauterine subdural hemorrhage in a preterm infant delivered by cesarean section at 32 weeks following vaginal bleeding of a mother treated with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for deep vein thrombosis. The subdural hematomas were partially calcified, proving antenatal occurrence. Maternal trauma during pregnancy, intrauterine infection, cerebral vascular malformation and congenital coagulopathy as known etiologies of subdural hemorrhage could be ruled out. Intrauterine subdural hemorrhage may be an exceptional complication of maternal LMWH treatment.

Student Tutors Are Able to Teach Basic Sonographic Anatomy Effectively - a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Ultraschall in Der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980). Nov, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21104601

PURPOSE: Ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic tool. In medical education, it can be used to teach sonographic anatomy as well as the basics of ultrasound diagnostics. Some medical schools have begun implementing student tutor-led teaching sessions in sonographic abdominal anatomy in order to meet the growing demand in ultrasound teaching. However, while this teaching concept has proven to be feasible and well accepted, there is limited data regarding its effectiveness. We investigated whether student tutors teach sonographic anatomy as effectively as faculty staff sonographers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 50 medical students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. 46 of these could be included in the analysis. One group was taught by student tutors (ST) and the other by a faculty staff sonographer (FS). Using a pre/post-test design, students were required to locate and label 15 different abdominal structures. They printed out three pictures in three minutes and subsequently labeled the structures they were able to identify. The pictures were then rated by two blinded faculty staff sonographers. A mean difference of one point in the improvement of correctly identified abdominal structures between the pre-test and post-test among the two groups was regarded as equivalent. RESULTS: In the pre-test, the ST (FS) correctly identified 1.6 ± 1.0 (2.0 ± 1.1) structures. Both the ST and FS group showed improvement in the post-test, correctly identifying 7.8 ± 2.8 vs. 8.9 ± 2.9 structures, respectively (p < .0001 each). Comparing the improvement of the ST (6.2 ± 2.8 structures) versus the FS (6.9 ± 3.2) showed equivalent results between the two groups (p < .05 testing for equivalence). CONCLUSION: Basic abdominal sonographic anatomy can be taught effectively by student tutors.

The Extremely Long-tongued Neotropical Butterfly Eurybia Lycisca (Riodinidae): Proboscis Morphology and Flower Handling

Arthropod Structure & Development. Mar, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21115131

Few species of true butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) have evolved a proboscis that greatly exceeds the length of the body. This study is the first to examine the morphology of an extremely long butterfly proboscis and to describe how it is used to obtain nectar from flowers with very deep corolla tubes. The proboscis of Eurybia lycisca (Riodinidae) is approximately twice as long as the body. It has a maximal length of 45.6 mm (mean length 36.5 mm ± 4.1 S.D., N = 20) and is extremely thin, measuring only about 0.26 mm at its maximum diameter. The proboscis has a unique arrangement of short sensilla at the tip, and its musculature arrangement is derived. The flower handling times on the preferred nectar plant, Calathea crotalifera (Marantaceae), were exceptionally long (mean 54.5 sec ± 28.5 S.D., N = 26). When feeding on the deep flowers remarkably few proboscis movements occur. The relationship between Eurybia lycisca and its preferred nectar plant and larval host plant, Calathea crotalifera, is not mutualistic since the butterfly exploits the flowers without contributing to their pollination. We hypothesize that the extraordinarily long proboscis of Eurybia lycisca is an adaptation for capitalizing on the pre-existing mutualistic interaction of the host plant with its pollinating long-tongued nectar feeding insects.

Characterization of the Human Primary Visual Cortex and Cerebellum Proteomes Using Shotgun Mass Spectrometry-data-independent Analyses

Proteomics. Feb, 2012  |  Pubmed ID: 22162416

We present the first characterization of the human occipital lobe (primary visual cortex) and cerebellum proteomes. Proteins were identified using a combination of gel electrophoresis and data-independent nanoflow liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nLC-MS(E) ). The resulting data sets comprised 391 and 330 unique proteins in occipital lobe and cerebellum, respectively, present in at least 75% of the analyzed samples with 297 proteins found in common. These proteins have been associated previously with conditions, such as neurological disorder, progressive motor neuropathy, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The unique proteins identified in the occipital lobe included the interesting finding of growth hormone and several members of the Ca(2+) -dependent calmodulin kinase and serine/threonine protein phosphatase families. The complete mapping of these and other brain proteomes may help in the elucidation of neurological processes and identify potential targets for therapeutic strategies.