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Articles by Heather M. Wadsworth in JoVE
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
FMRI ve Difüzyon Tensör Görüntüleme Otizm Beyin problama
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Gibi fonksiyonel MRI ve Difüzyon Tensör Görüntüleme gibi beyin görüntüleme teknikleri, otizmde bilişsel ve nöral açıkları karakterize giderek daha yararlı hale gelmiştir. Otizm, zihinsel özürlü olan çocukların tarama için uyarlamalar ile birlikte bir ağ düzeyinde beyin bağlantısı bir inceleme sunulmaktadır.
Other articles by Heather M. Wadsworth on PubMed
A Systems Level Analysis of the Mirror Neuron Hypothesis and Imitation Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Although several studies suggest an imitation deficit as a key feature of autism, questions have been raised about the consistency of this finding and about the component skills involved in imitation. The primary aim of this review is to examine the uneven profile of imitation deficits found in autism in the context of the mirror neuron system (MNS) dysfunction hypothesis. We use the cortical underconnectivity framework (Just et al., 2004) to examine the coordination of brain areas that orchestrate the communication between the component skills underlying imitation. A comprehensive account of imitation deficit in autism should take into account the regions that are at the core of the MNS (e.g., IFG and IPL) and related regions that feed into the MNS (e.g., STS, Cerebellum) in their functioning and in their coordination. Our findings suggest that the MNS may be associated with mediating familiarity, attention, self-other matching, and social relevance, which may be vital in characterizing the imitation deficits in autism. Such an analysis may have greater clinical and therapeutic value.
Brain Mechanisms of Perceiving Tools and Imagining Tool Use Acts: a Functional MRI Study
The ability to conceptualize and manipulate tools in a complex manner is a distinguishing characteristic of humans, and forms a promising milestone in human evolution. While using tools is a motor act, proposals for executing such acts may be evoked by the mere perception of a tool. Imagining an action using a tool may invoke mental readjustment of body posture, planning motor movements, and matching such plans with the model action. This fMRI study examined the brain response in 32 healthy adults when they either viewed a tool or imagined using it. While both viewing and imagining tasks recruited similar regions, imagined tool use showed greater activation in motor areas, and in areas around the bilateral temporoparietal junction. Viewing tools, on the other hand, produced robust activation in the inferior frontal, occipital, parietal, and ventral temporal areas. Analysis of gender differences indicated males recruiting medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and females, left supramarginal gyrus and left anterior insula. While tool viewing seems to generate prehensions about using them, the imagined action using a tool mirrored brain responses underlying functional use of it. The findings of this study may suggest that perception and imagination of tools may form precursors to overt actions.
