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In JoVE (3)
- בניתוח מוח בלתי אנושי הפרימאטים בחלל Stereotaxic
- בנקאות המוח: הפיכת רוב דוגמאות המחקר שלך
- אצווה Immunostaining לגילוי בקנה מידה גדול חלבון הנמצא במוח הקופים שלמים
Other Publications (3)
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Articles by Mark W. Burke in JoVE
JoVE General
בניתוח מוח בלתי אנושי הפרימאטים בחלל Stereotaxic
1Department of Physiology, University of Montreal, 2School of Optometry, University of Montreal, 3Département de chimie-biologie , Université du Québes à Trois-Rivières
פרימטים שאינם בני אדם היא מין translational חשוב להבנת עיבוד תקין של המוח. הארגון האנטומי של המוח הפרימטים יכול לספק תובנות חשובות בתנאים נורמליים ופתולוגיים אצל בני אדם.
JoVE General
בנקאות המוח: הפיכת רוב דוגמאות המחקר שלך
1Department of Physiology, University of Montreal, 2School of Optometry, University of Montreal
בנקאות המוח דגימה שיטתית של חומר ביולוגי מספק את הבסיס stereology משוחדת למקסימום את פוטנציאל נתונים המתקבלים הדגימה כל אחד.
JoVE General
אצווה Immunostaining לגילוי בקנה מידה גדול חלבון הנמצא במוח הקופים שלמים
1Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, 2Ècole d’Optomètrie, Universitè de Montrèal, 3Department of Psychology, McGill University
בקנה מידה גדול immunodetection של חלבונים יעד ברחבי המוח הפרימטים כולו ניתן על ידי העסקת רקמה רומן הטבעה וכן חתך שיטות בשילוב עם השימוש במנגנון יצירתיים מכתים אצווה של ריחוף ללא מקטעים מרובים בכל זמן נתון.
Other articles by Mark W. Burke on PubMed
Neuronal Reduction in Frontal Cortex of Primates After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) show behavioral and intellectual impairments that indicate frontal lobe dysfunction, but the extent of damage to this region has not been clarified by brain imaging studies. This study uses the St Kitts vervet monkey, a species that voluntarily consumes beverage alcohol, to examine the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant vervets were allowed to drink the equivalent of 3-5 standard drinks four times a week during the third trimester. Using unbiased stereology, we estimated neuronal reduction and found significantly fewer cells in the frontal lobes of FASD offspring as well as an increased density of interstitial white matter neurons. These cytoarchitectonic effects are consistent with the behavioral and cognitive changes observed in FASD.
Partial Recovery of Hemiparesis Following Hemispherectomy in Infant Monkeys
Hemiparesis, unilateral weakness or partial paralysis, is a common outcome following hemispherectomy in humans. We use the non-human primate as an invaluable translational model for our understanding of developmental plasticity in response to hemispherectomy. Three infant vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabeus) underwent hemispherectomy at a median age of 9 weeks and two additional monkeys at 48 months. Gross motor assessment was conducted in a large open field that contained a horizontal bar spanning the width of the cage. Subjects were assessed yearly following surgery in infantile lesions for a period of 3 years. Adult-lesioned subjects were assessed 40 months following surgery. Shortly after surgery both infant and adult-lesioned subjects were unable to move the contralateral side of their body, but all subjects were able to walk within 6 months following surgery. At each time point the lower limb gait was normal in infant-lesioned subjects with no apparent limp or dragging, however the upper limb demonstrated significant impairment. Horizontal bar crossing was significantly impaired during the first 24 months following surgery. Adult-lesioned subjects also displayed upper limb movement impairments similar to infant-lesioned subjects. In addition the adult-lesioned subjects displayed a noticeable lower limb limp, which was not observed in the infant-lesioned group. Both groups at each time point showed a propensity for ipsiversive turning. The upper limb gait impairment and horizontal bar crossing of lesioned subjects are reminiscent of hemiparesis seen in hemisperectomized humans with the young-lesioned subjects showing a greater propensity for recovery.
Confocal Analysis of Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Inputs Onto Pyramidal Cells in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rodents
Cholinergic and dopaminergic projections to the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are both involved in cognitive functions including attention. These neuronal systems modulate mPFC neuronal activity mainly through diffuse transmission. In order to better understand the anatomical level of influence of these systems, confocal microscopy with triple-fluorescent immunolabeling was used in three subregions of the mPFC of rats and Drd1a-tdTomato/Drd2-EGFP transgenic mice. The zone of interaction was defined as a reciprocal microproximity between dopaminergic and cholinergic axonal segments as well as pyramidal neurons. The density of varicosities, along these segments was considered as a possible activity-dependant morphological feature. The percentage of cholinergic and dopaminergic fibers in microproximity ranged from 12 to 40% depending on the layer and mPFC subregion. The cholinergic system appeared to have more influence on dopaminergic fibers since a larger proportion of the dopaminergic fibers were within microproximity to cholinergic fibers. The density of both cholinergic and dopaminergic varicosities was significantly elevated within microproximities. The main results indicate that the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems converge on pyramidal cells in mPFC particularly in the layer V. In transgenic mice 93% of the pyramidal cells expressed the transgenic marker for Drd2 expression, but only 22% expressed the maker for Drd1ar expression. Data presented here suggest that the modulation of mPFC by dopaminergic fibers would be mostly inhibitory and localized at the output level whereas the cholinergic modulation would be exerted at the input and output level both through direct interaction with pyramidal cells and dopaminergic fibers.
