Acoustic Output Upper Limits Proposition: Should Upper Limits Be Retained?

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Dec, 2002  |  Pubmed ID: 12494975

Ultrasonic-generated Fluid Velocity with Sovereign WhiteStar Micropulse and Continuous Phacoemulsification

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Feb, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16565006

To evaluate and compare ultrasonic turbulence created by conventional and micropulse ultrasound technology.

Prenatal Exposure to Ultrasound Waves Impacts Neuronal Migration in Mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Aug, 2006  |  Pubmed ID: 16901978

Neurons of the cerebral neocortex in mammals, including humans, are generated during fetal life in the proliferative zones and then migrate to their final destinations by following an inside-to-outside sequence. The present study examined the effect of ultrasound waves (USW) on neuronal position within the embryonic cerebral cortex in mice. We used a single BrdU injection to label neurons generated at embryonic day 16 and destined for the superficial cortical layers. Our analysis of over 335 animals reveals that, when exposed to USW for a total of 30 min or longer during the period of their migration, a small but statistically significant number of neurons fail to acquire their proper position and remain scattered within inappropriate cortical layers and/or in the subjacent white matter. The magnitude of dispersion of labeled neurons was variable but systematically increased with duration of exposure to USW. These results call for a further investigation in larger and slower-developing brains of non-human primates and continued scrutiny of unnecessarily long prenatal ultrasound exposure.

Concurrent Muscle Hurt and Perceived Exertion of Children During Resistance Exercise

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. May, 2009  |  Pubmed ID: 19346971

Rating of muscle hurt (RMH) and RPE were concurrently measured for 10- to 14-yr-old females (n = 50) and males (n = 50) performing unilateral biceps curl (BC) and knee extension (KE) isotonic exercise.

Validation of Adult Omni Perceived Exertion Scales for Elliptical Ergometry

Perceptual and Motor Skills. Dec, 2010  |  Pubmed ID: 21319623

This investigation examined the validity of newly developed Adult OMNI Elliptical Ergometer Ratings of Perceived Exertion Scales. 60 men and women performed a graded exercise test on an elliptical ergometer. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded at each stage from the Borg 15 Category scale and two different OMNI scales. One scale employed an elliptical ergometer format of the OMNI Picture System of Perceived Exertion. The second scale modified verbal, numerical, and pictorial descriptors at the low end of the response range. Concurrent and construct validity were established by the positive relation between ratings of perceived exertion from each OMNI scale with VO2, HR, and Borg scale ratings of perceived exertion (men, r = .94-.97; women, r = .93-.98). Validity was established for both OMNI scales, indicating either metric can be used to estimate ratings of perceived exertion during partial weight-bearing exercise.

Cognitive Awareness of Carbohydrate Intake Does Not Alter Exercise-induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis

Clinics (São Paulo, Brazil). 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21484033

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cognitive awareness of carbohydrate beverage consumption affects exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis, independent of actual carbohydrate intake.

Development of a Perceptual Hyperthermia Index to Evaluate Heat Strain During Treadmill Exercise

European Journal of Applied Physiology. Sep, 2011  |  Pubmed ID: 21947408

Fire suppression and rescue is a physiologically demanding occupation due to extreme external heat as well as the physical and thermal burden of the protective garments. These conditions challenge body temperature homeostasis and results in heat stress. Accurate field assessment of core temperature is complex and unreliable. The present investigation developed a perceptually based hyperthermia metric to measure physiologic exertional heat strain during treadmill exercise. Sixty-five (28.9 ± 6.8 years) female (n = 11) and male (n = 54) firefighters and non-firefighting volunteers participated in four related exertional heat stress investigations performing treadmill exercise in a heated room while wearing thermal protective clothing. Body core temperature, perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were assessed at baseline, 20-mins exercise, and at termination. Perceived exertion increased from baseline (0.24 ± 0.42) to termination (7.43 ± 1.86). Thermal sensation increased from baseline (1.78 ± 0.77) to termination (4.50 ± 0.68). Perceived exertion and thermal sensation were measured concurrently with body core temperature to develop a two-dimensional graphical representation of three exertional heat strain zones representative of a range of mean body core temperature responses such that low risk (green) incorporated 36.0-37.4°C, moderate risk (yellow) incorporated 37.5-37.9°C, and high risk (red) incorporated 38.0 to greater than 40.5°C. The perceptual hyperthermia index (PHI) may provide a quick and easy momentary assessment of the level of risk for exertional heat stress for firefighters engaged in fire suppression that may be beneficial in high-risk environments that threaten the lives of firefighters.