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In JoVE (1)
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Articles by Reghann G. LaFrance-Corey in JoVE
JoVE Immunology and Infection
Выделение Брейн-Лейкоциты проникают
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Быстрый метод получения проникновения лейкоцитов из мышиного мозга описывается. Этот метод использует непрерывный градиент Перколла и разрывные градиент Ficoll, чтобы выбрать и очистить лейкоцитов обогащенного слоя. Изолированные лейкоцитов может затем быть охарактеризованы с помощью проточной цитометрии измерений.
Other articles by Reghann G. LaFrance-Corey on PubMed
Apoptosis of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons is Virus Independent in a Mouse Model of Acute Neurovirulent Picornavirus Infection
Many viruses, including picornaviruses, have the potential to infect the central nervous system (CNS) and stimulate a neuroinflammatory immune response, especially in infants and young children. Cognitive deficits associated with CNS picornavirus infection result from injury and death of neurons that may occur due to direct viral infection or during the immune responses to virus in the brain. Previous studies have concluded that apoptosis of hippocampal neurons during picornavirus infection is a cell-autonomous event triggered by direct neuronal infection. However, these studies assessed neuron death at time points late in infection and during infections that lead to either death of the host or persistent viral infection. In contrast, many neurovirulent picornavirus infections are acute and transient, with rapid clearance of virus from the host. We provide evidence of hippocampal pathology in mice acutely infected with the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis picornavirus. We found that CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibited several hallmarks of apoptotic death, including caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation within 72 hours of infection. Critically, we also found that many of the CA1 pyramidal neurons undergoing apoptosis were not infected with virus, indicating that neuronal cell death during acute picornavirus infection of the CNS occurs in a non-cell-autonomous manner. These observations suggest that therapeutic strategies other than antiviral interventions may be useful for neuroprotection during acute CNS picornavirus infection.
Demyelinated Axons and Motor Function Are Protected by Genetic Deletion of Perforin in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Axon injury is a major determinant of the loss of neurological function in patients with multiple sclerosis. It is unclear, however, whether damage to axons is an obligatory consequence of demyelination or whether it is an independent process that occurs in the permissive environment of demyelinated lesions. Previous investigations into the role of CD8 T cells and perforin in the Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus model of multiple sclerosis have used mouse strains resistant to Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus infection. To test the role of CD8 T cells in axon injury, we established a perforin-deficient mouse model on the H-2 major histocompatibility complex background thereby removing confounding factors related to viral biology in this Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus-susceptible strain. This permitted direct comparison of clinical and pathological parameters between perforin-competent and perforin-deficient mice. The extent of demyelination was indistinguishable between perforin-competent and perforin-deficient H-2 mice, but chronically infected perforin-deficient mice exhibited preservation of motor function and spinal axons despite the presence of spinal cord demyelination. Thus, demyelination is necessary but insufficient for axon injury in this model; the absence of perforin protects axons without impacting demyelination. These results suggest that perforin is a key mediator of axon injury and lend additional support to the hypothesis that CD8 T cells are primarily responsible for axon damage in multiple sclerosis.
CD8+ T Cells Cause Disability and Axon Loss in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that CD8+ T cells directly mediate motor disability and axon injury in the demyelinated central nervous system. We have previously observed that genetic deletion of the CD8+ T cell effector molecule perforin leads to preservation of motor function and preservation of spinal axons in chronically demyelinated mice.
