Azusa Pacific University View Institution's Website 4 articles published in JoVE Biology Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay Amelia N. Gray1, Breeana M. Ramirez1, Selom K. Mawugbe1, Jordan F. Mar1, Yun-Lan C. Wong1, Kevin S. Huang1 1Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University Here, we describe a bioassay using 3-(4′,5′-dimethylthiazol-2′-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to test previously synthesized spirocyclic oximes. Chemistry Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes Cody R. Drisko1, Silas A. Griffin1, Kevin S. Huang1 1Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University Here we present a protocol to demonstrate an efficient method for the synthesis of spirocyclic heterocycles. The five-step process utilizes solid-phase synthesis and regenerating Michael linker strategies. Generally difficult to synthesize, we present a customizable method for the synthesis of spirocyclic molecules otherwise inaccessible to other modern approaches. Behavior Quantifying Social Motivation in Mice Using Operant Conditioning Loren Martin1, Erica Iceberg1 1Department of Graduate Psychology, Azusa Pacific University This article describes a new protocol for the quantitative measurement of social motivation in mice using operant conditioning for a social reward. The protocol is useful for the measurement of social motivation in mouse models of autism and other disorders of social behavior. Medicine The Use of Thermal Infra-Red Imaging to Detect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Hani H. Al-Nakhli1, Jerrold S. Petrofsky1,2, Michael S. Laymon2, Lee S. Berk1 1Loma Linda University, 2Azusa Pacific University The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether using an infra-red thermal camera is a valid tool for detecting and quantifying the muscle soreness after exercising.