Heart:
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
JoVE General
Immunostaining of Dissected Zebrafish Embryonic Heart
A rapid way to conduct immunostaining of zebrafish embryonic heart is described. Compared to the whole mount immunostaining approach, this method dramatically increases the penetration of the antibodies, which allows obtaining high resolution images that reveal cellular/subcellular structures in the heart within a much reduced processing time.
JoVE General
Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio
Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York
A clear, standardized method for dissection and isolation of the zebrafish heart at multiple developmental stages are described. Annotation and quantification techniques are also discussed.
JoVE General
Fluorescent Labeling of Drosophila Heart Structures
1Biology Department, San Diego State University, 2Development and Aging Program, NASCR Center, The Sanford Burnham Institute for Medical Research
Here we describe a basic protocol for fluorescent labeling of different elements of heart tubes from larva and adult Drosophila melanogaster. These specimens are well-suited for imaging via fluorescent or confocal microscopy. This technique permits detailed structural analysis of the features of the hearts from a powerful model organism.
JoVE Bioengineering
Procedure for Decellularization of Porcine Heart by Retrograde Coronary Perfusion
1McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 2Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
A method to rapidly and completely remove cellular components from an intact porcine heart through retrograde perfusion is described. This method yields a site specific cardiac extracellular matrix scaffold which has the potential for use in multiple clinical applications.
JoVE General
Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
1Development and Aging Program, The Sanford Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 2Cardiac Electrophysiology Group, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, The Sanford Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 3Biology Department and Heart Institute, San Diego State University
We have developed a Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis method (SOHA) for analyzing high speed optical recordings from Drosophila, zebrafish and embryonic mouse hearts. We demonstrate the application of our methodology to the analysis of heart function in fruit fly and embryonic mouse hearts.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Adult Zebrafish Using Cryoinjury
Department of Biology, Unit of Zoology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
Zebrafish represents a valuable model to study the mechanisms of heart regeneration in vertebrates. Here, we present a protocol for induction of a heart infarct in adult zebrafish using cryoinjury. This method results in massive cell death within 20% of the ventricular wall, similar to that observed in mammalian infarcts.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
NADH Fluorescence Imaging of Isolated Biventricular Working Rabbit Hearts
1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The George Washington University, 2Pharmacology and Physiology Department, The George Washington University
The objective is to monitor the mitochondrial redox state of isolated hearts within the context of physiologic preload and afterload pressures. A biventricular working rabbit heart model is presented. High spatiotemporal resolution fluorescence imaging of NADH is used to monitor the mitochondrial redox state of epicardial tissue.
JoVE General
Optical Mapping of Langendorff-perfused Rat Hearts
1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 2Departments of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School
This article describes a high temporal and spatial resolution technique to optically image action potential movement on the surface of Langendorff-perfused rat hearts using a potentiometric dye (di-8-ANEPPS).
JoVE Bioengineering
Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
A methodology to estimate ventricular fiber orientations from in vivo images of patient heart geometries for personalized modeling is described. Validation of the methodology performed using normal and failing canine hearts demonstrate that that there are no significant differences between estimated and acquired fiber orientations at a clinically observable level.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Assessment of Cardiac Function and Energetics in Isolated Mouse Hearts Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy
Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
Langendorff-mode isolated heart perfusion, in conjunction with 31P NMR spectroscopy, combines the fields of biochemistry and physiology into one experiment. The protocol allows for the dynamic measurement of high energy phosphate content and turnover in the heart while concurrently monitoring physiologic function. When performed correctly, this is a valuable technique in the assessment of cardiac energetics.
JoVE Bioengineering
Multiparametric Optical Mapping of the Langendorff-perfused Rabbit Heart
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
This article describes the basic procedures for conducting optical mapping experiments in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart using the panoramic imaging system, and the dual (voltage and calcium) imaging modality.
JoVE General
Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
We present various ways to monitor heart function in the larva of Drosophila for assessing questions dealing with the function of gap junctions, ion channel mutations, modulation of pacemaker activity and pharmacological studies.
JoVE General
Visualizing the Beating Heart in Drosophila
Development and Aging Program, The Sanford Burnham Institute for Medical Research
Technique required for visualizing the beating heart in larval and adult Drosophila are presented. Each life stage requires a different methodology.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Retrograde Perfusion and Filling of Mouse Coronary Vasculature as Preparation for Micro Computed Tomography Imaging
1Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 2Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington
Visualization of the coronary vessels is critical to advancing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases. Here we describe a method for perfusing murine coronary vasculature with a radiopaque silicone rubber (Microfil), in preparation for micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) imaging.
JoVE Bioengineering
Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
1Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 3Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, 4Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, 5Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota
The objective of this research is to recreate and then access the anatomy of the human cardiac venous system using 3D reconstructions generated from contrast-computed tomography scans.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction
Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
Numerous genetic manipulations and/or intramyocardial injections of genes, proteins, cells, and/or biomaterials are superimposed upon the dimension of time in studies of acute ischemia/ reperfusion injury and chronic remodeling in mice. This video illustrates the microsurgical procedures for ischemia/reperfusion, permanent coronary artery ligation, and intramyocardial injection studies.
JoVE Neuroscience
Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University
The application of a classical fear conditioning behavioral paradigm for auditory prosthetic research in rats is described. This paradigm provides a mechanism for identifying both detection of, and discrimination between, distinct acoustic and electrical stimuli using heart-rate as an outcome measure.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
A Murine Closed-chest Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion
1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany, 2Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, Germany
Surgical trauma induces an inflammatory response. Cytokines and endogenous ligands are known to modulate myocardial infarct size following ischemia and reperfusion. We present a modified closed-chest model of murine ischemia and reperfusion using hanging weights to minimize effects of thoracotomy.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice
1Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), 2The Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM)
Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive method for the evaluation of cardiac function in mice. A combination of ultrasound and Doppler imaging modalities can be used to obtain dimensional measurements of the heart and intracardiac blood flow, which together provide an assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance.
JoVE General
Preparation of Highly Coupled Rat Heart Mitochondria
1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 2School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast
We describe а protocol for isolation of pure, highly coupled rat heart mitochondria for functional or structural studies of cellular bioenergetics, biophysical measurements, proteomics or mitochondrial DNA and lipids analysis.
JoVE Bioengineering
Optical Mapping of Action Potentials and Calcium Transients in the Mouse Heart
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
This paper details the dissection procedure, instrumental setup, and experimental conditions during optical mapping of transmembrane potential (Vm) and intracellular calcium transient (CaT) in intact isolated Langendorff perfused mouse hearts.
JoVE General
LAD-Ligation: A Murine Model of Myocardial Infarction
1Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Lab (TSI), University Heart Center Hamburg, 2CVRC, University Hospital Hamburg, 3Department of CT Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
This video demonstrates how to use a fast and reliable model to study pathobiological and pathophysiological processes of myocardial ischemia.
JoVE General
Heterotopic Heart Transplantation in Mice
Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco - UCSF
The mouse heterotopic heart transplantation model has been proven by many investigators to be an important method for studying mechanisms of rejection and immune response. However, the techniques involved are still challenging. By modifying standard techniques we have had success with more than 1000 transplants.
JoVE General
Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes
1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 2Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington
Single cell expression profiling allows the detailed gene expression analysis of individual cells. We describe methods for the isolation of cardiomyocytes, and preparing the resulting lysates for either whole transcriptome microarray or qPCR of specific targets.
JoVE General
Psychophysiological Stress Assessment Using Biofeedback
1Behavioral Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, 2Harvard Medical School
In this video we will describe one method of assessing person's psychophysiological reaction to stress using biofeedback. We will also present general guidelines for treatment planning.
JoVE Immunology and Infection
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice
1Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, 2Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 3Division of Pulmonary Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
A specific and rapid protocol to simultaneously investigate right heart function, lung inflammation, and the immune response is described as a learning tool. Video and figures describe physiology and microdissection techniques in an organized team-approach that is adaptable to be used for small to large sized studies.
JoVE General
Primary Culture of Adult Rat Heart Myocytes
1Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, 2Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University
In this paper, we described a typical way to isolate and culture adult rat heart myocytes. Collagenase and protease are used to digest and isolate single myocytes. Myocytes cultured follow this protocol meet most experiment requirements.
JoVE Immunology and Infection
Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model
Chagas Disease Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Brasilia
The inoculation of Trypanosoma cruzi in fertile eggs prior to incubation renders the parasite kDNA minicircle integration in embryo cells genome. Crossbreeding reveals the vertical transfer of the mutations to progeny. The kDNA integrates into coding regions at several chromosomes and the chickens die with an inflammatory autoimmune heart disease.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Isolation of Cardiomyocyte Nuclei from Post-mortem Tissue
1Strategic Research Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy, University of Lund, 2Department of Cardiology Lund University Hospital, University of Lund
Cardiac nuclei are isolated via density sedimentation and immunolabeled with antibodies against pericentriolar material 1 (PCM-1) to identify and sort cardiomyocyte nuclei by flow cytometry.
JoVE General
Measures of Heart and Ventilatory Rates in Freely Moving Crayfish
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky
Invertebrates show an autonomic sympathetic-like response similar to that described for vertebrates. The coordination of the cardio-vascular and ventilatory systems allows for measurement of a biological index in which to assess an organism internal state.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Murine Fetal Echocardiography
Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development. High-frequency ultrasound imaging has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on early cardiac development and is an ideal method to detect the impact on cardiac structure and function prior to death.
JoVE General
Multi-parameter Measurement of the Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Isolated Mouse Heart Mitochondria
A spectrofluorometric protocol for the measurement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated mouse heart mitochondria is presented here. The assay involves the simultaneous measurement of mitochondria Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial volume. The procedure for obtaining high-quality and functional heart mitochondria is also described.
JoVE Immunology and Infection
Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina- School of Medicine
This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.
JoVE Immunology and Infection
Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat
1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 2Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Experimental rat endocarditis model due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
JoVE General
Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania-School of Medicine
This protocol describes a procedure for identifying and dissecting organs from the adult zebrafish.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Use of a Hanging Weight System for Coronary Artery Occlusion in Mice
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver
A murine model for myocardial ischemia and ischemic preconditioning is an important tool study cardioprotective mechanisms in vivo. Here, we report an easy applicable in situ model for cardiac IP using a hanging-weight system for coronary artery occlusion.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice
1Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, 2Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich
A surgical technique for implantation of commercially available telemetry transmitters used for continuous measurement of biopotential (one-lead ECG), heart rate, core body temperature and locomotor activity in freely moving mice is shown. Recommendations and protocols for post-operative care and pain relief, improving recovery, well being and survival rate are also presented.
JoVE Bioengineering
Generation of Aligned Functional Myocardial Tissue Through Microcontact Printing
1Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 2Harvard Stem Cell Institute
The generation of aligned myocardial tissue is a key requirement for adapting the recent advances in stem cell biology to clinically useful purposes. Herein we describe a microcontact printing approach for the precise control of cell shape and function. Using highly purified populations of embryonic stem cell derived cardiac progenitors, we then generate anisotropic functional myocardial tissue.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
1Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 2Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 3Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University
High frequency Doppler ultrasound is a novel technology for assessing regional myocardial function. This work presents first evidence demonstrating applicability of this versatile imaging platform for the repeated measure of myocardial strain, dp/dt, and mitral regurgitation in the ischemia-reperfused (IR) murine heart.
JoVE Immunology and Infection
Measurement of Antibody Effects on Cellular Function of Isolated Cardiomyocytes
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald
The presented method offers a way to detect functional effective cardiotropic autoantibodies in the plasma of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, irrespective of the specific antigen, by analysing the impact of isolated patient immunoglobulin on cellular shortening and intracellular calcium transients in isolated rat cardiomyocytes.
JoVE General
Transplantation of Whole Kidney Marrow in Adult Zebrafish
Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School
In this article, we demonstrate a method to perform HCT in adult zebrafish.
JoVE General
Implantation of Engineered Tissue in the Rat Heart
1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 2Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston
Here, we describe a cardiac surgical procedure to implant engineered tissue in the atrioventricular (AV)-groove of an adult Lewis rat.
JoVE General
Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 2Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Boston
This video shows how morpholino or mRNA can be injected into zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage to decrease or increase the level of specific gene products during subsequent development.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 2Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, 3Visualsonics, 4Department of Medicine, University of Rochester
This video demonstrates use of a rail-mounted high-frequency ultrasound probe to perform echocardiography on an anesthetized mouse. The methods describe both conventional two-dimensional and M-mode measurements of cardiac function in addition to newer, more powerful tools such as color Doppler, strain analysis, as well as general and targeted contrast imaging.
JoVE General
Isolation and Kv Channel Recordings in Murine Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
1Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 2Medical Department, Division of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 3Medical Department, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Kv channel dysfunction is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. In order to study the molecular mechanisms that lead to such arrhythmias we utilize a systematic protocol for isolation of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes from Kv channel ancillary subunit knockout mice. Isolated cardiomyocytes can then immediately be used for cellular electrophysiological studies, biochemical or immunofluorescence (IF) assays.
JoVE General
Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube
1Joint Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, UMDNJ-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Rutgers: The State University of New Jersey, 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
We describe a process for fixation, embedding, sectioning, and imaging of late stage Drosophila embryos for Trasmission Electron Microscopy of the embryonic heart tube. This technique allows for the visualization of the heart tube lumen as well as the basement membrane, which lines the lumen of the heart.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Pressure Controlled Ventilation to Induce Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado
A murine model for ventilator induced lung injury is an important tool to study an acute lung injury in vivo. Here, we report an easy applicable in situ model for acute lung injury using high-pressure mechanical ventilation to induce acute failure of the lung.
JoVE Bioengineering
Measuring Left Ventricular Pressure in Late Embryonic and Neonatal Mice
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
Measuring left ventricular pressure (LV) in embryonic and neonatal mice is described. Pressure is measured by inserting a needle connected to a fluid-filled transducer into the LV under ultrasound guidance. Care must be taken to maintain normal cardiac function during the experimental protocol.
JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 2Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston (UH), Texas Medical Center
The rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is useful to study the consequence of a MI on cardiac pathophysiological and physiological function.
JoVE General
Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster
Department of Biology, University of Toronto
In insects, the oenocytes produce cuticular hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds protect against desiccation and facilitate chemical communication. Here we demonstrate a dissection technique used to isolate the oenocytes from adult Drosophila melanogaster, and illustrate how this preparation can be utilized to study genes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis.
More Results...
