The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is a peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed video journal. Our mission is to increase the productivity of scientific research.

Recommend to Librarian

Automatic Translation

This translation into Chinese was automatically generated through Google Translate.
English Version | Other Languages

 JoVE General

原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

1,2,3, 1,2, 1,2,4

1Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, 2Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 3Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Emerson College, 4Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Division of Health Science and Technology, Harvard

 

Video Article Chapters

Cite this Article: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

Parker, M., Brugeaud, A., Edge, A. S. B. Primary Culture and Plasmid Electroporation of the Murine Organ of Corti. . J. Vis. Exp. (36), e1685, doi:10.3791/1685 (2010).

Abstract: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

在所有哺乳动物中,试演的感觉上皮位于沿尔蒂螺旋式上升机关内的海螺形的耳蜗的内耳(图1)。在发展中的耳蜗,这是听觉系统的mechanosensory细胞,毛细胞排列在一行内毛细胞和三个基地和中期轮流在心尖转外毛细胞行跨度Corti器的长度。大脑可以解释成神经冲动,基底膜毛细胞转导的声音引起的机械振动。大多数病例是感音神经性聋的耳蜗毛细胞的死亡或功能障碍引起的。

在听觉的研究越来越重要的工具是隔离 在1,2,9的器官外体的体外培养。一旦隔离,外植体可利用在几个方面提供有关规范,异常,或治疗生理。基因表达,纤毛蠕动,细胞和分子生物学,以及毛细胞再生的生物方法尔蒂植器官的实验应用的例子。

这个协议描述尔蒂从新生小鼠的器官的孤立和文化的一种方法。影随行,包括逐步指示,从老鼠幼仔的颞骨的孤立,和随后的耳蜗螺旋韧带,Corti器隔离。一旦隔离,可镀感觉上皮,并整个体外培养,或作为进一步解剖微隔离,缺乏螺旋缘和螺旋神经节神经元。使用这种方法,小学外植体可维持7-10天。作为此过程中实用的例子,尔蒂外植体的器官会被电外生DsRed的记者基因。这种方法提供了一种比其他方法的改进,因为它提供了隔离,显微切割和Corti器的主要文化,重现性好,毫不含糊,并逐步的方向。

Protocol: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

第1天。消毒及镀膜玻璃盖玻片。

  1. 在高压灭菌器消毒的玻璃显微镜盖玻片干。
  2. 放入预先消毒四个孔细胞培养皿中的两个井,灭菌的盖玻片。
  3. 外套1:1 聚- L -鸟氨酸和层粘连蛋白的盖玻片辅以20% 小牛血清(FBS),过夜4 ° C。
    1. 400μL的聚- L -鸟氨酸(0.01%溶液保存在4 ° C)
    2. 400μL,层粘连蛋白(50μg/ mL的原液,分装保存在-20 ° C)
    3. 200μL的FBS(分装储存在-20 ° C)
  4. 热消毒清扫工具,在150℃培养箱过夜。
  5. 使培养基中含10%血清和10毫克/ mL氨苄青霉素。
    1. 90毫升贝科的改良Eagle培养基
    2. 5毫升FBS(分装储存在-20 ° C)
    3. 5毫升马血清 (分装储存在-20 ° C)
    4. 10μL, 氨苄青霉素 (10毫克/毫升原液保存在4 ° C)

第2天。 Corti器的分离。

  1. 消毒正流夹层罩
    1. 紫外线灯开启20分钟
    2. 喷雾用70%乙醇的所有表面和使用前,等待5分钟。
  2. 杀头鼠标小狗(P4),在使用操作剪刀孔万能的基础。
  3. 简单冲洗10厘米,含70%乙醇的头。
  4. 使用手术刀刀片取出表皮。
  5. 使用手术刀刀片沿矢状缝合打开颅骨,然后平分前脑。保留进一步剥离尾鳍前脑。
  6. 删除使用钝性分离的前脑,小脑和脑干。
  7. 取出颞骨(图2a),浸在70%的乙醇短暂,他们转移到无菌的HBSS 3毫米菜含有。
  8. 使用镊子 ,取出泡从颞骨的岩部分及周围组织。
  9. 找到的海螺形的耳蜗(图2b)和前庭系统使用镊子分开。
  10. 在这一发展阶段,骨迷路是没有完全钙化和很容易使用镊子解剖。开始在皮基底和顶部使用镊子仔细分离取出耳蜗骨迷路。
  11. 螺旋韧带及附着器官尔蒂是沿modiolus(图2C)螺旋盘绕。小心取出,通过确保在使用产钳的基础钩地区螺旋韧带和平仓,当您移动顶部Corti器。
  12. 在该基地开始,删除螺旋韧带的尔蒂用细镊子#55(图2D)的器官。
    微型隔离尔蒂感觉上皮(可选)的器官
  13. 删除尔蒂钩地区使用两个基地的器官半永久连接的U - 100 28G ½银针产钳CC胰岛素注射器。
  14. 在心尖开始,请从排内毛细胞,螺旋缘和基部进行(图2E - F)。
    电镀尔蒂外植体的器官
  15. 从文化井取出poly-L-ornithine/laminin/FBS的解决方案和培养液中添加130μL。
  16. 尔蒂解剖器官转移到镀膜玻璃盖玻片和东方文化的外植体,使毛细胞的纤毛向上。
  17. 取出培养液中,用200微升移液器。确保基底膜使镀膜玻璃盖玻片固体接触。
  18. 小心加130μL培养基Corti器,使用200毫升吸管。应用到两滴Corti器表面,然后慢慢加入剩余量的盖玻片一侧。确保Corti器,不浮在文化传媒,但仍贴盖玻片。
  19. 孵育过夜,在37 ° C在5%的CO 2的存在。

第3天。记者到尔蒂培养器官的基因的电。

  1. 删除尔蒂文化机关的培养基。
  2. 加入130μL的H 2 O为1分钟,然后取出使用200微升吸管。
  3. 加入30μLDsRed的报告质粒(2毫克/毫升H 2 O储存在-20 ° C)。
  4. 提前electroporator使用显微电极,使阳极一个ND阴极文化两侧。
  5. 生成一个脉冲(27V,30毫秒,10个脉冲串)electroporate尔蒂植文化机关的记者基因。
    1. 可选:扭转蜗轴和螺旋韧带两侧的外植体,以确保转基因电脉冲的极性。
  6. 等待5分钟。
  7. 加入130μL的Fugene 6:DNA溶液 (3个部分Fugene 2部分的DNA)。这个解决方案应该是电过程的开始(20步)3 mL 的圆底聚苯乙烯试管中使用流罩前的准备。为了使这个解决方案:
    1. 添加2.4μLOPTI - MEM(存储在4 ° C)的试管。
    2. Fugene 6试剂0.6μL(保存在4 ° C)加入到试管中。确保直接添加的Fugene OPTI - MEM,避免直接接触试管双方。
    3. 涡1秒。
    4. 在室温下孵育5分钟。
    5. 添加2.0μL,DsRed的记者质粒双链DNA(储存在-20 ° C,在100微克DNA / mL的H 2 O分装) 。
    6. 涡1秒。
    7. 在室温下孵育15分钟。
    8. 加入200μL培养基。
    9. 涡1秒。
  8. 37℃,5%CO2孵育过夜。
  9. 加入2毫升培养基以及文化和孵化为37 ° C,时间为10天。

代表性的成果

我们目前的一个孤立的器官尔蒂从围产期鼠标的方法。 ,在这一点骨迷路变得足够钙化呈现剥离繁琐的过程,可用于小鼠胚胎一天作为年轻16日龄约6。一旦解剖Corti器,它可镀和培养的全部内容(图3)或微孤立的感觉上皮(图4)。我们进一步提出了一种技术来表达外源基因在培养尔蒂机关。许多其他类型的研究,如分析尔蒂基因的表达,采用RT - PCR或原位杂交,共培养尔蒂器官螺旋神经节细胞或外源性干细胞使用的微型隔离器官器官的文化是非常有用, 3,在体外毛细胞死亡和再生的分析。

图1
图1。横截面的P4尔蒂小鼠器官。 (一)从一个cryosectioned耳蜗底回的一个截面从一个P4鼠标获得说明了在本议定书中所描述的小鼠耳蜗一般结构。 Scala的媒体是由螺旋韧带和血管纹横向接壤,Reissner变分的膜优越,螺旋缘内侧,和下方的基底膜。框表示在B(二)扩大该地区的Corti器位于优越​​的基底膜上,并包含一个行内毛细胞,三排的外毛细胞,和各自的支持细胞。虚线1表示尔蒂清扫机关在此期间拆除沿基底膜的位置。虚线2表示沿基底膜是在微分离过程中删除的位置。绿色表示calbindin免疫标签,标签螺旋缘齿间细胞,耳蜗毛细胞,螺旋神经节神经元,以及细胞螺旋韧带和血管纹7。 DAPI核标签为蓝色。

图2
图2。从影随行尔蒂清扫突出的器官器官。尔蒂清扫图片)耳蜗及前庭系统位于颞骨内孤立的(红色),B)耳蜗骨迷路,C),螺旋韧带和连接切除器官后,去除的骨迷路,D)的尔蒂螺旋韧带和血管纹(红色),从器官的尔蒂,E)微隔离的感​​觉上皮螺旋缘(红色),和F)隔离螺旋缘(左)和感觉上皮(右)。

图3
图3。尔蒂外植体培养的器官 。DIC的图像显示的器官尔蒂的一个P4 Atoh1的nGFP鼠标被描述为五个天的隔离,镀金,并培养。这款鼠标具有经过基因工程改造,使细胞表达亲毛细胞无调性同源基因1(又名Atoh1的Math1)表现出绿色荧光蛋白是局部性核8。尔蒂机关从这些小鼠表现出核GFP标签的所有头发细胞的细胞核中,因此允许为容易使用啶显微镜的感觉上皮的可视化。可以看到比较大的螺旋缘外侧的感觉上皮。 Corti器起源的间质细胞迁移距​​离外植体。蓝核标签的DAPI。

图4
图4。微孤立的感觉上皮 。啶形象从感官上孤立的描述和培养过夜,已经从一个P4尔蒂小鼠器官的上皮得到的。微隔离,然后固定在4%多聚甲醛和肌球蛋白7A标签耳蜗毛细胞免疫标记处理。注意从图3的情况下较大的螺旋缘。蓝核标签的DAPI。

图5
图5。 DsRed的记者到尔蒂培养器官基因的电。尔蒂整个器官,从P4 Atoh1的nGFP鼠标幼仔被隔离,镀金,然后描述,然后一个啶显微镜下看DsRed的记者基因电穿孔。尔蒂植体器官的细胞表达的转基因DsRed的记者蛋白表现出的感觉上皮的展示一个绿色的核荧光红色荧光和内源性细胞。转基因细胞可以看出,整个螺旋缘和感觉上皮。

Discussion: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

有几个细节,此过程成功的关键。从颞骨隔离尔蒂孵化机关,机关将附加到盖玻片和可行的机关文化的机会就越大时间越短。因此,重要的是要限制清扫术,放置在孵化器的机关之间的时间量。抗生素的选择也是至关重要的,因为许多氨基糖甙类抗生素耳毒性,并会导致毛细胞死亡。虽然这是最好完全放弃使用抗生素,这使得公开污染的可能性。因此,我们建议使用10μg/ mL氨苄青霉素作为一般规则,以克服潜在的污染问题。

这个最麻烦的方面,和其他Corti器的主要文化程序,是机关的倾向浮板孵化过程中。虽然浮动机关文化可以保持5-7天可行的,也有浮动机关培养的弊端。举例来说,浮动机关文化往往把自己折后4-5天,使显微镜问题。随后,器官的结构完整性,可以成为损害时相比,已贴盖玻片机关。我们发现,下面的技术帮助,以确保Corti器不浮在文化传媒,但仍贴盖玻片。首先,大衣的玻璃盖玻片,在1:1 polyornithine /层粘连蛋白补充与所述20%胎牛血清。孵育过夜,在本议定书中所要求的是最短的时间,应涂板。在我们的实验室中,我们经常涂层板,我们需要一个星期,和他们保持在4 ° C直到前一天,当我们使用移动孵育过夜,他们的孵化器。其次,机关后,被运送到涂盖玻片,东方外植体,使毛细胞纤毛面对。这种倾向将有利于坚持基底膜培养皿。第三,取出内以及媒体贴上外植体的涂层盘。这将确保培养皿和基底膜之间的接触和加强外植体的能力,坚持以玻璃。这也将有助于在保持毛细胞行结构的完整性。最后,小心滴到尔蒂使用200μL容量移液器器官表面的培养液2滴,然后慢慢填井,滴在盖玻片一侧的剩余量(共130μL)。重要的是要迅速开展工作,以确保Corti器附件涂盖玻片。从启动培养外植体解剖,通常需要10分钟为一个实行经营者来完成这个尔蒂分离过程的器官。

在这个协议中,我们还提供了一个螺旋缘,Corti器感觉上皮的微型隔离的方法。在此过程中,螺旋缘解剖远离使用28G的感觉上皮半胰岛素针清扫工具。导致微隔离由毛细胞和其相应的支持细胞(图3)行。孤立的感觉上皮然后可以培养,在本议定书中所述。这种微型隔离程序应该比较的感觉上皮细胞从周围组织4的酶分离。在哺乳动物,以及非哺乳动物物种,如鸡,结果从地下室4间质细胞在感觉上皮隔离孤立的前庭器官的嗜热消化。在大鼠耳蜗,在更大的上皮嵴的分离,小上皮嵴和陪同感觉上皮基底膜5嗜热消化的结果。不过,目前还不清楚是否耳蜗感觉上皮可以连接到没有随行的间质细胞的涂层钢板。虽然机械的微型隔离法和酶消化法在螺旋缘的感觉上皮细胞的分离方法的结果,在嗜热消化的微型隔离清扫的优势包括一个相对较短的协议,更便宜的试剂,和潜在的少压力由于消化酶的影响外植体。此外,基底膜是原封不动这种方法,可提高感觉上皮的培养板中的附件。这种方法的缺点包括需要发展的技能,这种微妙的解剖和潜在的机械性损伤的感觉上皮,导致从微观剥离。

作为此过程中实用的例子,我们也提出一个例子使用的器官尔蒂文化;电外源基因进入植文化。上文所述的电程序是基于以前的方法尔蒂电机关。值得注意的是,郑和高(2000)描述尔蒂大鼠离体器官植举行为电的琼脂糖凝胶型槽,然后对胶原蛋白的镀涂层8以及LabTek在无血清培养基2中的幻灯片的电。他们的方法的优点是面向机关,使外植体的顶部表面面对阴极,理论上应导致均匀分布在整个外植体电穿孔细胞。然而在我们手中,我们所描述的方法改善,在此过程中,因为整个过程中Corti器仍然贴盖玻片,从而降低了电后的外植体的操纵。此外,尔蒂机关中所占比例仍较高盖玻片,使用这种方法的。我们的方法是采取从琼斯等人 (2006年),其中使用Fugene 6试剂除了增加了电后基因表达的效率。琼斯等人 (2006年)的协议,机关电穿孔,孵育5分钟,100μLFugene 6转染试剂镀6。我们的方法不同,在使用3:2的比例,我们发现,经验,提供最低的器官毒性最佳的转基因表达质粒DNA的Fugene 6试剂。我们不使用未经稀释的Fugene 6试剂,这可能会导致中毒性的文化。在我们的协议的电极配置,以及Jones 人(2006年),在主基因的表达在螺旋缘或感觉上皮取决于阴极的位置结果。虽然有阴极遥远的文化侧面DsRed的阳性细胞,有较高的转基因细胞的浓度接近阴极。要确保完成尔蒂外植体的器官,双方的转基因表达,可以扭转目前的第二个脉冲列车通过简单的反相的线索。在整个尔蒂( 5)器官的转基因表达强劲的协议结果。

Disclosures: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

Acknowledgements: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

作者要感谢Demêmes Danielle和道格拉斯Cotanche和他们的努力,在教学中我们Corti器的隔离方法。此外,我们想感谢electroporator电极以实玛利STEFANOV瓦格纳工程;雪利酒林为她作出贡献的艺术品视频动画和马修长安,贾森米克,和肯德拉马歇尔( www.goodfightproductions.com )生产的视频。这项工作是由补助(R03DC010065 - 帕克; P30DC05209 - MEEI听力研究的核心支持; RO1DC007174边)从NIDCD。

Materials: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Glass microscope coverslips DYNALAB Corporation 2010 10mm diameter, circle #1, 1mm thickness, 1 ounce
4 ringed cell culture dish Greiner Bio-One 627170 Sterilized 35 X 10 mm cell culture dish with 4 inner rings
Poly-L-ornithine Sigma-Aldrich P4957 0.01% Solution
Laminin BD Biosciences 354232 made in mouse
Fetal Bovine Serum Invitrogen 26140-095 Qualified
Operating scissors Roboz Surgical Instruments Co. RS-6806 Straight, sharp-blunt length 5"
#11 Scalpel Blade BD Biosciences 372611
#4 Dumoxel forceps Fine Science Tools 11241-30
#55 Dumostar fine forceps Fine Science Tools 11295-51
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium Invitrogen 10564-011 High Glucose
Horse Serum Invitrogen 2605088 Heat Inactivated
Ampicillin Sodium Salt Invitrogen 11593-027 Irradiated
cc Lo-Dose Insulin Syringe BD Biosciences 329465 U-100 28G
Fugene 6 Transfection Reagent Roche Group 11-815-091-001
Polystyrene test tube Fisher Scientific 14-956-5A
Laminar flow hood The Baker Company (Stanford, ME) Model SG603a SterileGARD III
Advanced Class II
Biological Safety Cabinet
Opti-MEM I Reduced-Serum Medium Invitrogen 31985
Reporter plasmid Clontech Laboratories 632539 pCMV DsRed-Express 2
Electroporator Bio-Rad 1652662 BioRad Gene Pulser Xcell

References: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

  1. Sobkowicz, H. M., Bereman, B., and Rose, J. E. Organotypic Development of the Organ of Corti in Culture. Journal of Neurocytology 4 (5), 543 (1975); Kelley, M. et al., Development 119 (4), 1041 (1993).
  2. Zheng, J. L., and Gao, W. Q. Overexpression of Math1 induces robust production of extra hair cells in postnatal rat inner ears. Nature Neuroscience 3 (6), 580 (2000).
  3. Martinez-Monedero, R. et al. THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS STEM CELLS IN REGENERATION OF THE INNER EAR. J Neurobiol 66 (4), 319 (2006).
  4. Saffer, L. D., Gu, R., and Corwin, J. T. An RT-PCR analysis of mRNA for growth factor receptors in damaged and control sensory epithelia of rat utricles .Hearing Research 94 (1-2), 14 (1996).
  5. Zhang, Y., et al. Isolation, growth and differentiation of hair cell progenitors from the newborn rat cochlear greater epithelial ridge. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 164 (2), 271 (2007).
  6. Jones, J. M., et al. Inhibitors of Differentiation and DNA Binding (Ids) Regulate Math1 and Hair Cell Formation during the Development of the Organ of Corti. J. Neurosci. 26 (2), 550 (2006).
  7. Daniela, B., and Josef, S. Calbindin and S100 protein expression in the developing inner ear in mice. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 513 (5), 469 (2009).
  8. Helms, A. W., et al. Autoregulation and multiple enhancers control Math1 expression in the developing nervous system. Development 127 (6), 1185 (2000).
  9. Zheng, J. L. and Wei-Qiang, G. Differential Damage to Auditory Neurons and Hair Cells by Ototoxins and Neuroprotection by Specific Neurotrophins in Rat Cochlear Organotypic Cultures. European Journal of Neuroscience 8 (9), 1897 (1996).

Ask the Author: 原代培养及质粒电穿孔尔蒂小鼠器官。

12 Comments

Is it possible to download the video file for teaching graduate students in my lab? How do I do?

1

Reply

Posted by: Francisco J. del CastilloFebruary 23, 2010, 9:48 AM

Please contact support@jove.com.

1.1

Reply

Posted by: AnonymousFebruary 23, 2010, 10:05 AM

Thanks for your video! It's a great visual aid. I was wondering as one application for the microdissected epithelium, can we plate it with aggregated mammalian cells that express secreted factors into the medium?

2

Reply

Posted by: JianyiMay 27, 2010, 1:40 PM

We routinely co-culture both the whole organ of Corti and micro-isolate with several different mammalian cell types (i.e. stem cells, spiral ganglion neurons). You should be able to co-culture your cells as long as they can be maintained in the described medium.

2.1

Reply

Posted by: AnonymousJune 2, 2010, 10:26 AM

To orient the organ of Corti so that the hair cells face upwards:

1. Isolate the organ of Corti as directed
2. note the wider base and the narrower apex
3. orient the organ of Corti so that the spiral is tuning upward towards you (i.e. base at bottom of the spiral and apex at the top)
4. slowly remove the media and the organ of Corti will collapse onto the plate
5. using forceps , spread out the base from the apex to make a C-shaped structure. Make sure that there are no twists in the organ of Corti.
6. slowly add media and continue the procedure as directed

4

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.June 24, 2010, 11:57 AM

Thank you for great movie!! Now I am collecting materials to do this experiment.
Could you let me know the 4 ringed cell culture dish's 1 ring's size, and the glass microscope coverslip's size for me?

5

Reply

Posted by: SunHee KimJune 24, 2010, 9:09 PM

Thank you for great movie!! Now I am collecting materials to do this experiment.
Could you let me know the 4 ringed cell culture dish's 1 ring's size, and the glass microscope coverslip's size for me?

6

Reply

Posted by: SunHee KimJune 24, 2010, 9:10 PM

Thank you for great movie!! Now I am collecting materials to do this experiment.
Could you let me know the 4 ringed cell culture dish's 1 ring's size, and the glass microscope coverslip's size for me?

7

Reply

Posted by: SunHee KimJune 24, 2010, 9:11 PM

Thank you for great movie!! Now I am collecting materials to do this experiment.
Could you let me know the 4 ringed cell culture dish's 1 ring's size, and the glass microscope coverslip's size for me?

8

Reply

Posted by: SunHee KimJune 24, 2010, 9:11 PM



As noted on the Materials table in the article, the glass coverslips have a 10 mm diameter. The ring size in the 4-well culture dish is slightly larger and can be ordered through the company listed on the table.
-The Authors

9

Reply

Posted by: Nandita S.June 28, 2010, 4:10 PM

I am having a difficult time getting the organ to stick on the coated glass cover slips. Although most organs are able to adhere initially, most of them would detach after electroporation. When processed for immunostaining, nearly all of them floats away (even with out any shaking), which makes processing and transfer difficult and the morphology is easily often destroyed. Is this your experience? What precautions might I have missed?

10

Reply

Posted by: tzywen@umich.eduSeptember 28, 2010, 12:32 PM

In our hands, it is unusual for the organs to detach after electroporation if they were properly affixed to begin with. The key steps for fixing the organs to the coverslips are listed in this protocol. One key is it to make sure that the basilar membrane makes full contact with the glass coverslip and that there are no twists in the organ. If the basilar membrane is affixed well, you will see cells migrate out onto the coverslip after 24 hrs which helps to keep the organ from floating. As far as immunohistochemistry, all of the labeling can be conducted in the wells described in this protocol, so no transfer is required until mounting. However, you must be careful not to disturb the organs when you add/remove the reagents. I do not suggest shaking the organs.

10.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.September 29, 2010, 8:59 AM

Thanks for your input. I wonder if my coated slides are not working properly.
In electroporation, do you routinely reverse polarity? If yes, does it make any difference which polarity go first?

10.1.1

Reply

Posted by: tzywenSeptember 29, 2010, 9:36 AM

No, I don’t reverse the polarity routinely. All of the images in this publication are single polarity. The direction depends on whether you are trying to electroporate the inner or outer hair cell regions. Reverse the polarity of you want the transgene in both regions.

10.1.1.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.September 29, 2010, 9:43 AM

How do your orient if OHC is the target?

10.1.1.1.1

Reply

Posted by: tzywenOctober 1, 2010, 12:38 PM

Try placing the anodeon the OHC side, then run a pulse train. Look for expression the next day.

10.1.1.1.1.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.October 1, 2010, 1:21 PM

What's the distance between the two electrodes?

10.1.1.1.2

Reply

Posted by: tzywenOctober 1, 2010, 12:52 PM

They are adjustable; ranging from 50-200 micrometers. I usually have them set to ~150 micrometers. Be careful not to touch the explants with the electrodes while the pulse train is in progress.

10.1.1.1.2.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.October 1, 2010, 1:14 PM

Could you verify the distance? 150um would be right against (if not touching) the explant.

10.1.1.1.2.1.1

Reply

Posted by: AnonymousNovember 12, 2010, 4:08 PM

I noticed that you use the home-made electrodes. I don’t know how to make them. Do you have some suggestions on the commercial electrodes? Do you know which company sell the similar electrodes?
I haven’t tried any of these but there are a lot of options here www.btxonline.com/products/electrodes/invivo/genepaddles.asp
If no company sells, do you think Ishmael Stefanov-Wagner can help us make the electrodes and how to contact him?
Stefanov-Wagner, Ishmael
Ishmael_Stefanov-Wagner@MEEI.HARVARD.EDU
Could you please tell me where to buy the micromanipulator (company name and cat #)?
World Precision Instruments.
Model KITE-R
Order # M3301R
When you reverse the polarity of electroporation, do you change the orientation of electrodes or the electroporator has a feature to change the polarity?
I simply unplug the leads from the electroporator, and re-plug them on the opposite slots (i.e. red to black) and re-run the pulse train.
We found that the micro-isolation of the organ of Corti is very difficult. Under our dissecting microscope, we could not tell the spiral limbus and sensory epithelium. Or maybe you have some kind of tricks to tell the difference between the two parts of tissue?
Look at 6:23 of the video. Here you can see a dark stripe that runs the length of the organ. We cut along this stripe.
Fifth, when you capture the fluorescent signals, do you need to take out the cover slips and put them on the glass slide?
For visualization of electroporated transgenes (i.e. DsRed, GFP) , there is no need to fix. The organs can be viewed in situ on a microscope or over several hours on a heated stage.

Do you put the cover slip upside down or face up with another cover slip on top of it? In which way, you can observe the details of stereocilia in both outer hair cells and inner hair cells?
You can mount with another coverslip over the top.

Could you please let me know the intervals of these pulses?
0.1sec

11

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.September 29, 2010, 9:38 AM

Regarding culture medium, have you found any difference in using 5% horse serum/5% FBS instead of 10% FBS?

11.1

Reply

Posted by: tzywenOctober 1, 2010, 12:55 PM

I have not tried 10% FBS.

11.1.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.October 1, 2010, 1:10 PM

Thanks for all of the information regarding the protocol. I've contacted Mr. Stefanov-Wagner regarding electrode fabrication. He indicated he's used both stainless steel and nickel (which I believe is the metal used for the electrodes you show in your video). Did you find electrodes made from these metals equally efficient in the protocol or was one metal type better? Also, did you find that you needed to alter the electroporation conditions depending on the electrode composition?
thanks

11.2

Reply

Posted by: DaveDecember 7, 2010, 5:47 PM

The problem with the nickel electrodes is that some type of precipitate forms on them after a while. I haven’t tried the stainless electrodes yet, so I can’t say which are better. Another member of our laboratory tried the stainless electrodes one time with poorer results than I show here. However, it was her first time attempting the procedure and I can’t say that any differences were due to the electrodes.

11.2.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.December 7, 2010, 6:19 PM

is there any need to remove the vestibular membrane.why didn't i see this progress in the video?and can you tell me which trademark of forceps do you use,i had bough some,but they are all not sharp enough to clip the tectorial membrane! thank you very much!

12

Reply

Posted by: liu March 1, 2012, 10:51 PM

The ordering information for the forceps is listed in the table above. The tips are easily damaged, so use new forceps id yours are bent or dull.

Im not sure what you mean by the vestibular membrane. The vestibular system is not included in this video. If you are referring to the tectorial membrane, this video does a better job of showing its removal ( http://www.masseyeandear.org/research/ent/eaton-peabody/epl-histology-resources/video-tutorial-for-cochlear-dissection/).

12.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.March 2, 2012, 8:44 AM

Hi,
Why do you incubate the organ of corti overnight before electroporation? Can I do electroporation immediately after the dissection? Thanks.

13

Reply

Posted by: jun yangApril 10, 2012, 12:36 AM

I cultured the OCs overnight to make sure they were affixed to the coverslip. I have had problems with them sticking to the coverslip if I electroporated them first.

13.1

Reply

Posted by: Mark P.April 10, 2012, 9:43 AM

Post a Question / Comment / Request

You must be signed in to post a comment. Please or create an account.

Waiting
simple hit counter