The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is a peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed video journal. Our mission is to increase the productivity of scientific research.
The JoVE video player is compatible with HTML5 and Adobe Flash. Older browsers that do not support HTML5 and the H.264 video codec will still use a Flash-based video player. We recommend downloading the newest version of Flash here, but we support all versions 10 and above.
Unable to load video. Please check your Internet connection and reload this page. If the problem continues, please let us know and we'll try to help.
An unexpected error occurred. Please check your Internet connection and reload this page. If the problem continues, please let us know and we'll try to help.
Yu, L. X., Dzikovski, B. G., Freed, J. H. A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke. J. Vis. Exp. (59), e3406, doi:10.3791/3406 (2012).
在燃烧香烟产生的烟雾(气相)的自由基,大部分是瞬时和不稳定。为了观察这些自由基自旋捕集技术是就业。它能够捕捉到他们转化为一个更稳定的自旋加合物ESR(图1)可以通过检测气相自由基。在本研究中,0.05自旋捕获解决方案中号PBN的是用来收集烟气相自由基,这是一个氧和碳中心自由基,这是难以分开 15的混合物。然而,在我们的案例中,所观察到的超精细分裂常数为 N = 13.7G和一个 H = 1.95G捕获的烷氧自由基(RO.)2加合物,这说明它们的主要产品相应的值非常相似。我们发现,ESR信号弱和低的重复性,在我们的初步测量观察(图2)由于烟气流动的水分。要解决这个问题,我们之间的剑桥过滤和自旋捕集溶液液氮(LN2)陷阱。从2号法律公告陷阱速冻MCS流玻璃管内壁上的水和捕捉。这大大提高ESR信号,并允许高度可重复性的结果(图3)。
Baum, S.L., Anderson, I.G.M., Baker, R.R, Murphy, D.M., & C.C., Rowlands. Electron spin resonance and spin trap investigation of free radicals in cigarette smoke: development of a quantification procedure. Analytica Chimica. Acta.481, 1-13 (2003).
Bluhm, A.L., Weinstein, J., & Sousa, J.A. Free radicals in tobacco smoke. Nature. 229, 500 (1971).
Church, D.F. & Pryor W.A. Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ. Health. Perspect.64, 111-126 (1985).
Deliconstantinos, G., Villiotou, V., & Stavrides, J.C. Scavenging effects of hemoglobin and related heme containing compounds on nitric oxide, reactive oxidants and carcinogenic volatile nitrosocompounds of cigarette smoke. a new method for protection against the dangerous cigarette constituents. Anticancer. Res.14, 2717-2726 (1994).
Hecht, S.S. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 91, 1194-1210 (1999).
Kodama, M., Kaneko, M., Aida, M., Inoue, F., Nakayama, T., & Akimoto, H. Free radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its implication in human cancer. Anticancer. Res. 17, 433-437 (1997).
Nair, A.K. & Brandt, E.N. Effects of smoking on health care costs. Journal of Oklahoma State Medical Association. 93, 245-250 (2000).
Nishizawa, M., Kohno, M., Nishimura, M., Kitagawa, A., & Niwano, Y. Presence of Peroxyradicals in Cigarette Smoke and the Scavenging Effect of Shikonin, a Naphthoquinone Pigment. Chem. Pharm. Bull.53, 796-799 (2005).
Pryor, W.A. Cigarette smoke and the involvement of free radical reactions in chemical carcinogenesis. Br. J. Cancer.8, 19-23 (1987).
Pryor, W.A. Cigarette smoke radicals and the role of free radicals in chemical carcinogenicity. Environ. Health. Perspect.105, 875-882 (1997).
Rozzi, N.I., Singh, R.K., Vierling, R.A., & Watkins, B.A. Supercritical fluid extraction of lycopene from tomato processing byproducts. J. Agric. Food. Chem.50, 2638-2643 (2002).
Shopland, D.R. Tobacco use and its contribution to early cancer mortality with a special emphesis on cigarette smoking. Environmental. Health. Perspectives.103, 131-142 (1995).
Shrikhandle, A.J. Wine products with health benefits. Food Res. Int.33, 469-474 (2000).
Valavanidis, A. & Haralambous, E.A comparative study by electron paramagnetic resonance of free radical species in the mainstream and sidestream smoke of cigarettes with conventional acetate filters and 'bio-filters'. Redox. Rep.6, 161-171 (2001).
Valavanidis, A., Vlachogianni, T., & Fiotakis, K. Tobacco smoke: involvement of reactive oxygen species and stable free radicals in mechanisms of oxidative damage, carcinogenesis and synergistic effects with other respirable particles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.6, 445-462 (2009).
You must be signed in to post a comment. Please sign in or create an account.
Actually, nobody gains. If cancer were the only health concern, I could possibly get enthused. But, what about cardiovascular and respiratory concerns. Plus, most of the smoke generated by a burning cigarette is sidestream, not mainstream. The sidestream smoke is not passing through any filter, so the carcinogens are still abundantly present to the non-smoker and smoker alike.
You must be signed in to post a comment. Please sign in or create an account.
This work was previously published, but you do no cite the paper.
Scavenging Effects of Plant Antioxidants on Gas-Phase Free Radicals in
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
Xin Shen a; Kejun Zhong b; Xianjun Sun b; Hongbing Lu b; Yu Shen c;Long-Xi Yu ac
a Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA b Technical
Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corp. Ltd., Changde, China c Hunan Agricultural
University, Changsha, China Analytical Letters, 43: 446–454, 2010
You must be signed in to post a comment. Please sign in or create an account.
To the editors
The author Long-Xi Yu is affiliated with the Changde Cigarette Factory (CDCF). He clearly has a potential conflict of interest. Why is he allowed not to declare this conflict?
You must be signed in to post a comment. Please sign in or create an account.
Thank you for your comment. Since the authors do not recommend smoking, nor promote any one additive CDFC produces, we felt listing the affiliation was sufficient.
1
ReplyPosted by: Faith HopeJanuary 3, 2012, 1:28 PM