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基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

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Institute for Biological Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

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Cite this Article: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

Gottwald, E., Lahni, B., Thiele, D., Giselbrecht, S., Welle, A., Weibezahn, K. Chip-based Three-dimensional Cell Culture in Perfused Micro-bioreactors. J. Vis. Exp. (15), e564, doi:10.3791/564 (2008).

Abstract: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

我们已经开发了一个基于芯片的细胞培养系统细胞的立体种植。该芯片通常是从非生物降解的聚合物,如聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微注塑,微热压印或微热成型生产。但是,它也可以制造可生物降解的聚合物。其外形尺寸为0.7 1 × 20 ​​× 20 ​​× 0.7毫米(高x宽x长)。所使用的芯片的主要特点是高达1156立方米的微容器(CF -芯片)的网格,每个大小120-300 × 300 × 300μ(高x宽x长)或圆形凹槽直径为300μ和深度300μ(R -芯片)。支架可容纳10百万。细胞在三维配置。对于一个最佳的营养和天然气供应,该芯片是插在生物反应器外壳。生物反应器是一个封闭的无菌循环回路,在最简单的配置,是additionaly滚筒泵和气体供应的一个中型水库组成部分。生物反应器,可以运行在灌注,灌流,甚至混合操作模式。我们已经成功地培养了几个星期的时期细胞系以及原代细胞。对于大鼠原发性肝癌细胞中,我们可以显示保存2周以上的器官功能。对于肝癌细胞株中,我们可以显示没有或只有轻微表示在标准的单层培养的肝特异性基因的诱导。该系统也可能是有用的干细胞培养制度以来第一个干细胞系分化实验是大有前途的。

Protocol: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

本文介绍了一个芯片为基础的平台(图1)使用的细胞系以及原代细胞的立体种植。由于许多细胞表达的器官功能,只有在3D环境,我们开发了一种聚合物芯片,提供了一个支架的细胞能够坚持在所有空间方向,可在生物反应器外壳中安装流体流动的控制,氧分压等根据实验设计,在聚合物表面可修饰的各种技术,如紫外线照射,PECVD,γ-嫁接或传统的湿化学。

564_Figure - 01.png

图01

1。曝气和芯片hydrophilisation

使用前,该芯片具有脱气和hydrophilized。对于这一点,酒精系列进行。异丙醇的解决方案,100%,70%,50%,30%异丙醇DMPC与处理过的水组成准备和芯片浸在每个浓度,与100%的解决方案开始,到30年代。该系列的最后一步,包括纯二焦碳(DMPC)处理过的水。从这一点上,重要的是要保持芯片湿。

2。 I型胶原涂层

酒精系列后,该芯片通常是涂我从鼠尾胶原蛋白解决方案。从胶原蛋白的股价在0.2%醋酸溶液2毫克/毫升30微克的胶原蛋白等分相应DMPC与处理过的水稀释至终体积为150μL。这样的结果在10微克Ⅰ型胶原,每平方厘米表面积密度与芯片表面的胶原蛋白涂层。

3。接种肝癌细胞

行喉癌Hep G2肝癌细胞胰酶消化并计数。对于短期实验(1至6天),5 × 10 6细胞接种在每个芯片和相应的控制6厘米的组织培养培养皿。 inoculte,芯片的5 × 10 6细胞重悬于150μL培养基,并置于芯片的微结构区域(图2)上。之后,它被放置在一个孵化器2-3个小时。在此潜伏期泥沙进入细胞的微型容器,坚持以胶原我涂层支架。

564_Figure - 02.png

图2

4。生物反应器外壳的芯片插入

潜伏期后,该芯片是从孵化器中删除安装在生物反应器的住房。对于这一点,在洁净工作台,预装的生物反应器是从无菌包装,拆卸,在一定程度上,允许芯片插入。该芯片是经过精心处理,用无菌镊子放入凹槽包含垫片密封芯片和一代在生物反应器的上部和下部的车厢结果。然后,再组装的生物反应器是转移到它是连接到泵的孵化器,燃气供应和氧气分析仪。

5。充填系统

一旦作为生物反应器是连接到中型水库,泵和天然气供应与介质填充封闭的循环回路。这是通过定位在这样的灌流,这是为中等以上芯片的顶部流定义,实现3路连接器。这将导致从生物反应器循环的封闭空气放电而不删除从脚手架细胞。后,该系统是完全充满中等,3路,连接器,在这样的方式,灌注,这是从下面的芯片通过组织流动定义,是实现切换。在灌注配置流量调节细胞的需求,为肝细胞通常从60-500μL/ min的范围内。

6。采样

在实验过程中,可以得出介质样品。对于这一点,注射器连接到中型水库上的无菌端口。经过采样,端口是70%的异丙醇消毒。

7。下游应用领域从芯片的完整细胞的分离

在实验结束后,生物反应器是断开的天然气供应和滚子泵,转移到洁净工作台拆卸,如前面所述。用无菌镊子的芯片是从生物反应器外壳中删除,放置一个3.5厘米的培养皿中,并用PBS漂洗。此后,该芯片是培养孵化器为5-15分钟从微结构面积分离的细胞用胰蛋白酶/ EDTA(0.25%/ 0.53mM)。收集的细胞悬液,离心5分钟为600克。细胞可以用于传统的下游应用领域,例如,总RNA或蛋白质隔离。按常规,我们隔离微阵列分析和实时RT - PCR总RNA(巴黎套件,Ambion公司公司,美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀​​市,美国)。后,用激光扫描显微镜芯片内的细胞免疫组织化学染色,但也可以分析,否则,如流式细胞仪,蛋白表达分析。

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Discussion: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

我们已经制定了一个积极灌注的微型生物反应器培养细胞的三维芯片为基础的的平台。该芯片可制造从非生物降解性以及可生物降解聚合物微注塑成型,热压以及微热成型技术3。根据实验设计,在聚合物表面,可以修改紫外线照射 4 。肝细胞系以及原代大鼠肝细胞可以成功地种植这些设备,可以通过一些肝特异基因表达分析以及一些肝脏5,6特定蛋白质的分析显示。

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Disclosures: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

Acknowledgements: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

我们想感谢Mechthild Herschbach和安科Dech优秀的技术援助。

Materials: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

Name Type Company Catalog Number Comments
Cells Other ATCC HB-8065
Collagen I from rat tail Reagent Roche Group 11 179 179 001
PARIS kit Reagent Ambion AM1921
Syto16 Reagent Invitrogen S7578
anti cytokeratin 18 Antibody Abcam ab668 Primary Ab, Mouse monoclonal, used 1/100 in PBS
Anti E-cadherin Antibody Abcam ab1416 Primary Ab, Mouse monoclonal, used 1/50 in PBS.
Goat anti-albumin Reagent Bethyl Laboratories E80-129 Primary Ab, goat anti-human Albumin, used 1/200 in PBS
Rabbit anti-mouse IgG1 Antibody Invitrogen A11059 Secondary Ab, Alexa Flour 488 conjugated, used 1/100 in PBS + 0.5 % BSA
Cy3 anti-goat IgG Reagent Jackson ImmunoResearch 705-165-003 Cy3 AffiniPure donkey a-goat IgG Ab, used 1/700 in PBS + 0.5% BSA

References: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

1.    Berry, M.N., Friend, D.S.  High-yield preparation of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells: A biochemical and fine structural study. J. Cell Biol. 53, 506-520 (1969)

2.    Seglen, P.O. Preparation of rat liver cells. 3. Enzymatic requirements for tissue dispersion. Exp. Cell Res. 82, 391-398 (1973)

3.    Giselbrecht, S., Gietzelt, T., Gottwald, E., Trautmann, C., Truckenmüller, R., Weibezahn, K.F., Welle, A. 3D tissue culture substrates produced by microthermoforming of pre-processed polymer films. Biomed. Microdev. 8, 191-199 (2006)

4.    Welle, A,, Gottwald, E. UV-based patterning of polymeric substrates for cell culture applications. Biomed. Microdev. 4 (1), 33-41 (2002)

5.    Gottwald, E., Giselbrecht, S., Augspurger, C., Lahni, B., Dambrowsky, N., Truckenmüller, R., Piotter, V., Gietzelt, T., Wendt, O., Pfleging, W., Welle, A., Rolletschek, A., Wobus, A.M., Weibezahn, K.-F. A chip-based platform for the in vitro generation of tissues in three-dimensional organization. Lab Chip 7(6), 777-785 (2007)

6.    Eschbach, E., Chatterjee, S.S., Nöldner, M., Gottwald, E., Dertinger, H., Weibezahn, K.-F., Knedlitschek, G. Microstructured scaffolds for liver tissue with high density: Morphological and biochemical characterization of tissue aggregates. J. Cell. Biochem. 95, 243-255 (2005)

Ask the Author: 基于芯片的三维细胞培养,在灌注微生物反应器

4 Comments

Hello, I would like to know which culture medium is used for this experiment and which factors for differentiation it contains. If you use the same in flat monolayers cultures , there is  no expression of organotipic functions.

Are the Hep G2 cells in this system dividing, or only differentiating? And the primary  ones, can they proliferate?

Thank you very much

1

Reply

Posted by: InmaculadaJuly 14, 2008, 1:46 PM

Hello, I would like to know which culture medium is used for this experiment and which factors for differentiation it contains. If you use the same in flat monolayers cultures , there is  no expression of organotipic functions.

Are the Hep G2 cells in this system dividing, or only differentiating? And the primary  ones, can they proliferate?

Thank you very much

Sorry it was a question

2

Reply

Posted by: InmaculadaJuly 14, 2008, 1:46 PM

Well I suppose it is not possible to proliferate because of the perfusion (and also  hepatic cells don´t  divide very much). I just wondered if it would be possible to get the conditions in the system to get also divisions (with other types of cells) and then differentiation.

Thanks

3

Reply

Posted by: InmaculadaJuly 14, 2008, 3:25 PM

Hi,

we have published papers from which you can derive that the behaviour of the cells in the bioreactor is dependent on the cell source itself as well as of co-factors. If you use primary cells under differentiation conditions you will get no proliferation and therefore you preserve organotypic functions. In contrast to primary cells, cell lines, like the Hep G2 or C3A, will proliferate until the structure is filled and contact inhibition is initiated. During proliferation liver functions of Hep G2 and C3A are rather poor. This changes upron reaching confluency in monolayers or reaching a critical cell density in 3D both of which leads to an increase in liver specific parameters expressed by those lines. Besides hepatocytes meanwhile we have cultivated a lot of other cell types in the system, cell lines as well as primary cells.

We cannot confirm your statement that we will get no expression of organotypic functions when using the same medium for 3D-culture. On the contrary, exactly because we used the same medium we can prove that changes in the expression patterns are due to the 3D-culture itself.

Regards, Eric 

3.1

Reply

Posted by: AnonymousJuly 17, 2008, 9:23 AM

Thank you for answering, I am very interested in knowing about this type of systems, and think that your work is very very good.

Inma

3.1.1

Reply

Posted by: InmaJuly 24, 2008, 9:07 AM

Hello Inma,

thank you for your kind reply.

Cheers, Eric

3.1.1.1

Reply

Posted by: AnonymousJuly 24, 2008, 9:54 AM

Excellent work - are you making this available (how much) ?

Mike

4

Reply

Posted by: mikeNovember 14, 2008, 11:15 AM

Hi Mike,

thanks for your interest. The problem we have is that we are manufacturing all chips inhouse in relatively small quantities. So before we can bring the system to the market we definitely need an appropriate partner for the manufacturing of the chips in the quality and quantity we need. Since we are using straight forward methods for the manufacturing process that are often not compatible with mass production this results in the necessity of building completely new machins from scratch. Due to the global lack of investments into new technologies this is a very hard business todate. However, the idea of marketing the system keeps us going and I'm sure that you will hear from the system much more, be it commercial or scientific.

Regards, Eric

4.1

Reply

Posted by: AnonymousJanuary 22, 2009, 8:29 AM

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