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基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

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Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis

 

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Cite this Article: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

Woods, G., Zito, K. Preparation of Gene Gun Bullets and Biolistic Transfection of Neurons in Slice Culture. J. Vis. Exp. (12), e675, doi:10.3791/675 (2008).

Abstract: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

基因枪法转的转高速DNA包覆颗粒轰击组织细胞的物质手段。我们提供了详细的基因枪转染大鼠海马脑片的协议,从DNA包覆子弹的前期准备工作,以最终拍摄使用基因枪的器官切片文化。基因枪转染,转染神经元的高效和便捷的手段和荧光标记的细胞组织切片中的一小部分是特别有用。在这段视频中,我们首先轮廓大衣金粒子与DNA所需的步骤。接下来我们演示如何行与金/ DNA子弹的塑料管内,以及如何削减油管获得加载到基因枪的塑料墨盒。最后,我们进行基因枪转染大鼠海马脑片培养,显示处理Bio - Rad公司赫利俄斯基因枪,并提供故障排除的意见,以获得健康的最佳转的组织切片。

Protocol: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

基因枪转染议定书“

让子弹

子弹长达6个月,但可能会减少2-3个月后开始转染效率。干燥剂颗粒的存在,子弹应保存在4 ° C。始终让闪烁瓶,存储在其中的子弹,温暖的室温打开小瓶之前。

在开始之前已经做好准备:

  • 亚精胺(0.05M)
  • 氯化钙 (1M)
  • 乙醇(100%高档,未开封的一瓶)
  • 蒸压H 2 0
  • DNA转染
  • 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP - 20毫克/毫升的股票)
  • 2 × 15 ml锥形(2/bullet设置)
  • 管(X - 30英寸/子弹设置削减到1)
  • 闪烁瓶(1/bullet集)
  • 干燥颗粒
  • 10 ml注射器W /到底管

准备管:

  1. 干〜30英寸的管道,在管站W / N 2气体(0.4压力)至少20分钟(约2英寸扩展超越权利O形圈) 。

沉淀DNA的黄金珠:

  1. 准备将在50μmL离心管总量(最高50微克总DNA)转染的DNA
  2. 称取6-8毫克的黄金和转让的离心管
  3. 加入100μL0.05M亚精胺的黄金和超声20秒
  4. 加入50微升的DNA的黄金/精胺
  5. 涡(周围设置5)W /盖打开
  6. 新增下降明智的100μL1M 氯化钙
  7. 超声简要(<5秒)
  8. 在室温为10分钟,允许沉淀
  9. 超声简要

准备在超声PVP的解决方案:

  1. 做稀PVP的解决方案,为每个子弹15 ml锥形,3.5mL稀释的PVP(100毫升3.5%的乙醇添加7.5μL20mg/ml PVP的股票)

乙醇漂洗黄金珠:

  1. 全速离心10秒中的微量黄金珠
  2. 弃上清,但保留的少量液体黄金珠上
  3. 洗净用1ml乙醇的3倍,超声简要每一次,如有必要

悬浮金/ DNA在PVP的解决方案:

  1. 重悬在3.5毫升稀释PVP /乙醇溶液200μL的黄金颗粒
  2. 涡街的黄金颗粒重悬(如果有必要简要超声)
  3. 金/ PVP溶液200μL转移到一个新的15 mL锥形
  4. 继续以这种方式,加入200μL的PVP一次,直到所有的黄金已转移至15 mL锥形,最终体积为3.2毫升

涂层管:

  1. 关闭管站N 2和取出干管
  2. 将干管10毫升注射器
  3. 大力摇晃15 mL锥形填充金/ PVP
  4. 放置在金/ PVP溶液管材年底和吸慢慢小心,以避免气泡
  5. 从油管两端保留1〜2英寸干
  6. 随着油管仍然附着在注射器和充满黄金/ PVP的解决方案,小心地进入车站的油管回
  7. 马克油管的解决方案坐在两端
  8. 让黄金与注射器连接5分钟解决
  9. 吸的解决方案非常缓慢拉动注射器使落户金留下(确保不反洗)
  10. 拔下注射器
  11. 旋转90 °,让我们坐2秒
  12. 旋转180 °,让坐在另2秒
  13. 旋转管,持续5秒
  14. 打开了N 2,使阀门读取0.4 - 0.5和旋转镀金管,而干燥5分钟。

切割管材:

  1. 取出油管从油管准备站和切断两端的标志。
  2. 把管斩波器的下一个标记的闪烁瓶中赶上削减墨盒
  3. 管放置在管斩波器和切割油管清洁剃须刀
  4. 闪烁瓶中放置在一个干燥颗粒
  5. 商店墨盒在4 ° C

拍摄组织切片

培养片拍摄时,重要的是聘请一个相对无菌的技术,以避免污染。请记住,子弹两套拍摄时,两个不同的结构,可以装到同一盒支架,但桶内衬和屏幕之间的结构应改变。

在开始之前已经做好准备:

  • DNA的子弹(让闪烁瓶中的热烈开幕前室温)
  • 组织切片
  • 太阳神基因枪
  • 氦气罐用基因枪软管连接</ LI>
  • 盒支架
  • 在内衬塑料桶与O形圈
  • 扩散器(修改)
  • 漫射屏
  • 镊子

预备基因枪:

  1. 使用镊子放入镀金塑料匣盒支架。
  2. 先推回锁放置到基因枪盒支架
  3. 安全锁盒支架
  4. 获得一个O形环和安全的地方扩散屏幕每桶班轮
  5. 基因枪拧入每桶班轮

用基因枪射击培养切片:

  1. 戴上耳罩
  2. 基因枪插入软管连接氦气罐
  3. 打开水箱压力为180 PSI的
  4. 拍摄到空气中的空白,以消除从扩散器屏幕上的灰尘或碎片。要拍摄的枪,第一压低,直到枪鸣音安全联锁按钮,然后扣动扳机。
  5. 拍摄后的空白,从孵化器中取出切片“
  6. 预先枪首先构造
  7. 拍摄扩散屏幕约0.5 - 1英寸片
  8. 推进井间的墨盒。
  9. 去年以及拍摄后,将切片放入培养箱
  10. 脱离氦软管枪之前,关闭气体和释放压力
  11. 拧开桶内衬,并取出硒鼓和使用的炮弹

清洗墨盒持有人及桶内衬:

  1. 放置盒,桶内衬,并用肥皂水在一个烧杯中的扩散屏幕
  2. 将烧杯中的浴缸sonicator和20分钟的超声
  3. 彻底用清水冲洗干净,肥皂残留物都将被删除,直到所有
  4. 70%乙醇中浸泡了一个小时
  5. 干纸巾上放置过夜干
  6. 在随后的基因枪转染可以重复使用清洁盒,桶内衬和屏幕

基因枪法转的故障排除技巧

基因枪法转,有时可能会导致不理想的转染条件它可以导致过少或过多的脑细胞转染,过高或过低的表达水平,或可能会导致组织切片成为普遍不健康往往是不健康片压力爆炸的结果。 这里有一些提示,以获得最佳的转染的组织切片。

如果片似乎是不健康的(或如果有太多的细胞转/片),请尝试:

  • 拍摄距离增加
  • 煤气罐上压力下降
  • 减少的数量的黄金
  • 切割出在Bio - Rad扩散的中心,并取代与扩散屏幕​​中心。

如果太少的细胞转染,尝试:

  • 减少拍摄距离
  • 煤气罐上压力越来越大
  • 增加黄金数量
  • 组织切片的数目增加/
  • 确保在每桶班轮的O型圈是否完好。

如果你得到太多太少的细胞在相同的拍摄 ,确保转片:

  • 你是拿着枪对称以上的
  • 黄金是均匀地涂在管内。 (如果你已经看到了黄金线 ,从油管以更快的速度绘制出上清液,一旦黄金已落户和旋转,然后再打开氮气的黄金时间,另一方面, 如果你正在黄金裸奔这可能是由于过多的水分在子弹使曝光:确保您使用的是一瓶未开封的乙醇,管涂装前彻底干燥,和您封顶盖和及时准备的子弹)。

如果转染效率似乎最佳(#细胞转/片),但表达水平似乎过高或过低:

  • 调整比例DNA黄金。 (例如,如果它太低保持的黄金数量, 但增加 DNA的量。)
  • 调整拍摄和数据收集之间的时间量

双转的情况下,如果你得到的太少,表达你的构造之一,以适当的方式调整两种结构的比例,并确保这两个构造相同的发起人,以确保一发起人不会出其他竞争。

Discussion: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

基因枪法转高速DNA涂金粒子轰击与活体组织细胞的转染通过物理手段。在粒子介导的基因转移,导致在一般的转染细胞时,在细胞核中的子弹来休息。尽管存在许多不同的转染方法,如显微注射法,脂质体转染,转染钙磷,电和病毒转染,基因枪转染可以提供劳动密集,转染细胞是不容易转用其他方法和有效的替代方案。事实上,这是首次在植物基因转移技术开发使用预先存在的方法1由于细胞壁的存在,所以很难作出转。同样,biolistics已经获得了在神经生物学领域的普及,因为有丝分裂后神经元是出了名的难以转染2,3。特别是,它是举世公认的原则,技术被用于实验旨在评估完整的脑切片中的单个神经元的罚款形态。这里所描述的方法提供了详尽和全面的解释如何使用基因枪举行的手(的Helios基因枪系统; Bio - Rad公司)进行基因枪转染培养的脑切片。

基因枪转染已成为转染片文化中的神经元的首选方法,因为它允许稀疏数量的整个大脑切片的细胞​​转染。这样,单个神经元可在隔离审查。由于这种技术特别适合转脑片神经元,它往往是使用双光子显微镜结合,使双光子激发荧光标记的细胞内光散射组织 4深的可视化以来。事实上,整个视频中的单锥体神经元的高倍率图像使用一个定制的双光子激光扫描显微镜被抓获。结论基因枪转是转染单个细胞内的一个细胞周围的高密度的背景下的有效手段,这种已被证明非常有用的荧光标签的单个神经元的神经切片文化。

Disclosures: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

Acknowledgements: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

我们愿与收购在本视频中的整个海马低倍率图像的帮助,感谢马克Lucanic,郑怀钟。我们还要感谢莎拉帕里什帮助伴随视频的文本。

Materials: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

Name Type Company Catalog Number Comments
1.6um gold particles (microcarrier) 0.25g Bio-Rad 1652264
1M CaCl2 Fluka 21115
100% EtOH 1pint Goldshield
Cartridge Tubing Bio-Rad 1652412
Scintillation vials 20ml, 500/case VWR international 66021-668
Dessication pellets ”Dricap” MTI (800-445-9890)
Water bath sonicator model 50T VWR international
Cartridge holder pack of 5 Bio-Rad 1652426
Barrel liner pack of 5 Bio-Rad 1652417
Diffuser screen pack of 5 Bio-Rad 1652475
O-ring 75 Viton, Size 007, Qty, 100 McMaster-Carr
Screen (mesh) McMaster-Carr 144258
PVP 20mg/ml in EtOH Bio-Rad Comes with tubing from biorad
Tubing prep station Bio-Rad 1652418
Tubing cutter Bio-Rad 1652422
Helios Gene-Gun Bio-Rad 1652411
Gene gun hose Bio-Rad Comes with Gene-Gun
Spermidine 5g Sigma-Aldrich s-0266
Although we have listed all the products seperately, it is more economical to purchase "Helios Gene-Gun System", which includes with all the products from Bio-Rad listed above (cat # 165-2431).

References: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

1. Klein, TM., Fromm, M., Weissinger, A., Tomes, D., Schaaf, S., Sletten, M. and Sanford, JC. Transfer of foreign genes into intact maize cells with high-velocity microprojectiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85, 4305-4309 (1988).

2. Wellmann, H., Kaltschmidt, B. and Kaltschmidt, C. Optimized protocol for biolistic transfection of brain slices and dissociated cultured neurons with a hand-held gene gun. J. Neurosci. Methods. 92, 55-64 (1999).

3. McAllister, AK. Biolistic transfection of neurons. Sci. STKE 51, 1-13 (2000).

4. Svoboda, K. and Yasuda, R. Principles of two-photon excitation microscopy and its applications to neuroscience. Neuron. 50, 823-839 (2006).

Ask the Author: 基因枪子弹的制备和神经元的基因枪转染切片文化

14 Comments

Wow! This is a great article! A detailed visual and written protocol, superb. Congratulations to the authors and editors!

I have only one minor criticism: the use of "inches" (instead of centimeters).

1

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Posted by: AnonymousFebruary 15, 2008, 7:38 AM

Do you routinely have problems with humidity in the lab environment?  I work down at UTMB in Galveston, TX and we were told that it would be difficult to make the bullets because of our high relative humidity.  Your article is great, very concise and easy to follow, and it seems like you don't worry about relative humidity at all.

Thanks for any help you can give!

2

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Posted by: AnonymousFebruary 21, 2008, 3:46 PM

It is relatively dry in Davis (~20% humidity), so yes: we do not worry about humidity. But Dr. Zito used to make bullets back at Cold Spring Harbor in the thick of humid New York summers and never had any problems. If you dry your tubing thoroughly (~30 min) with nitrogen and use a newly unopened bottle of EtOH every time I imagine that you should be fine.

-Georgia

2.1

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Posted by: AnonymousFebruary 22, 2008, 2:29 PM

 

First of all, I must credit the authors and video team for an extremely well written protocol.   I have been struggling to get a complete picture of biolistic tranformation and this video entry very effectively demonstrates the use of the Bio-Rad Gene Gun.

I am in the process of developing a biolistic method for the transformation of bacterial cell cultures.  Since biolistics is not very often utilized for bacterial transformation even the technical reps over at Bio-Rad knew little about the details.  Do the authors or anybody else know others that have worked with transforming bacterial cell lines using the Gene Gun?  If so, I would appreciate any references for these methods.

I am aware that their is a secodary biolistic system available through Bio-Rad called the method using a Biolistic® PDS-1000/He
Particle Delivery System
.  This system consists of a pressurized chamber component - as opposed to the Gene Gun - for particle delivery.  It is my understanding that this system is better for bacterial transformation.  However, I have come across a loaner Gene Gun system (not the PDS-1000) and would like to attempt bacterial transformation with this.

Any help will be appreciated.

 

 

   

3

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Posted by: AnonymousFebruary 28, 2008, 2:20 PM

Hi Trook, I'm interested to know if you succeeded in transforming bacteria with the gene gun?

3.1

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Posted by: JJAugust 3, 2011, 2:46 AM

This is a wounderful video on use of gene gun. I would like to download this video, how could i should do this.  i am starting to apply this technique in studying ion channels.  could you please let me know the way of downloading this clip.

Thanking you

Sincerely

Nagesh. M

 

4

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Posted by: nagesh muniyappaMay 16, 2008, 3:04 PM

Greetings Nagesh!  Good to hear you want to put biolistic transfection to such noble use!  I spent my graduate career as a channelologist.  Please contact me directly and I will set you up with a way to access this video for download.

AaronK@JoVE.com

 

4.1

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Posted by: Aaron K.May 16, 2008, 6:20 PM

I had never done this protocol before, and using this technique has been HUGELY helpful.  It it an easy to use protocol, well written, and the video showing the steps have been so easy to follow.

Thanks so much, with this protocol I am already becoming quite proficient, and my boss is thrilled with me.

5

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Posted by: SheriJuly 2, 2008, 10:39 AM

why do you use gold particles instead of tugstene particles?

6

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Posted by: patsyOctober 18, 2008, 8:00 PM

It turns out that tungsten can be toxic to cells, and catalytically
degrades DNA.(Sanford et al. 1993). Hope that helps.

7

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Posted by: Georgia WoodsOctober 21, 2008, 12:49 PM

Thank you very much for making this video! Very precise and easy to follow. This really helps my experiment.

8

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Posted by: YoichiNovember 29, 2008, 3:48 PM

Hi...
This protocol was very useful and I agree with all the positive comments posted above! I am using it to transect hippocampal brain slices.
I have a question about the distribution of the bullets into the slices. Although, I am following this protocol, I am not able to achieve optimal transfection efficiency. Also, the distribution of the transfected cells throughout the slice does not remain uniform. I have tried using the mesh suggested in this protocol and that too does not make much difference; While In the images displayed in this protocol I could see very well uniformly transfected cells throughout the slice. Can you give any suggestions to improve uniformity in distribution of transfected cells?

9

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Posted by: ShrutiJuly 14, 2010, 5:04 PM

Hi Shruti,
I can think of two likely possibilities:
(1) the gold in the bullets is not evenly distributed -- try to make sure that it does not end up all on one side
(2) you are shooting too close to your samples-- try backing up a bit
Best of luck!

9.1

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Posted by: Karen Z.July 27, 2010, 12:15 PM

how can i download the video?.

10

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Posted by: jimuelOctober 18, 2011, 6:54 AM

It is not possible to download any of our video articles. This particular article is free to view so you can enjoy it many times over.

Best,
JoVE

10.1

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Posted by: ward parryOctober 18, 2011, 11:59 AM

Hi, I was wondering if it is possible to stain the tissues with other antibodies either before or after labeling with the gene gun. I usually label brain slices with DiI using the gene gun but I also want to look at some other proteins and I was thinking of using the same slices for IHC as well if possible?

11

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Posted by: HarpreetJanuary 26, 2012, 5:18 PM

Hi Harpreet,
We have never done this but I don't see why not... try it?
Best of luck!

12

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Posted by: kzJanuary 29, 2012, 8:03 PM

Dear Dr. Woods,

First, I wanted to thank you for this video. It allows to show very clearly all stages of the biolistic transfection protocol.

I would like to try your modified diffusion screen but the catalog number 144258 is unobtainable.

I would be very grateful if you could maybe give me the characteristics of your screen mesh please?

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

Paula

13

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Posted by: Paula P.July 6, 2012, 5:55 AM

Hi Paula- sorry for the delay. The mesh can be obtained from McMaster-Carr - item number 9317T109 - http://www.mcmaster.com/#catalog/118/412/=iirztc - Corrosion-Resistant 304 SS Wire Cloth Disc 100 X 100 Mesh, 1-1/4" Diameter, .0045" Wire Dia - let me know if you have any problems and good luck!

14

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Posted by: Karen Z.July 22, 2012, 5:43 PM

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