Argonne National Laboratory View Institution's Website 16 articles published in JoVE Biochemistry Fixed Target Serial Data Collection at Diamond Light Source Sam Horrell1, Danny Axford1, Nicholas E. Devenish1, Ali Ebrahim1, Michael A. Hough2, Darren A. Sherrell1,3, Selina L. S. Storm1,4, Ivo Tews5, Jonathan A. R. Worrall2, Robin L. Owen1 1Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, 2School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, 3X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 4European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, 5Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton We present a comprehensive guide to fixed target sample preparation, data collection, and data processing for serial synchrotron crystallography at Diamond beamline I24. Engineering Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects Lorenzo Guio*1, Claire Liu*1, Dean Boures*1, Patrick T. Getty*1, Ruben Waldman1,2, Xiaoying Liu1, Seth B. Darling1,2,3,4 1Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 2Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 3Institute for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 4Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory We present a procedure for highly controlled and wrinkle-free transfer of block copolymer thin films onto porous support substrates using a 3D-printed drain chamber. The drain chamber design is of general relevance to all procedures involving transfer of macromolecular films onto porous substrates, which is normally done by hand in an irreproducible fashion. Neuroscience Localization of the Locus Coeruleus in the Mouse Brain Katharina Schmidt1, Bilal Bari2, Martina Ralle3, Clorissa Washington-Hughes1, Abigael Muchenditsi1, Evan Maxey4, Svetlana Lutsenko1 1Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 2Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 3Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, OHSU, 4X-ray science division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory The locus coeruleus is a small cluster of neurons involved in a variety of physiological processes. Here, we describe a protocol to prepare mouse brain sections for studies of proteins and metals in this nucleus. Chemistry In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy Kaushik Kalaga1, Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues1, Daniel P. Abraham1 1Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory The incorporation of reference electrodes in a Li-ion battery provides valuable information to elucidate degradation mechanisms at high voltages. In this article, we present a cell design that accommodates multiple reference electrodes, along with the assembly steps to assure maximum accuracy of the data obtained in electrochemical measurements. Chemistry Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles Saeed Mozaffari*1, Wenhui Li*1, Coogan Thompson1, Sergei Ivanov2, Soenke Seifert3, Byeongdu Lee4, Libor Kovarik5, Ayman M. Karim1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 3Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 4X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 5Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory The main goal of this work is to elucidate the role of capping agents in regulating the size of palladium nanoparticles by combining in situ small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and ligand-based kinetic modeling. Chemistry Quantifying X-Ray Fluorescence Data Using MAPS Tara Nietzold1, Bradley M. West2, Michael Stuckelberger2, Barry Lai3, Stefan Vogt3, Mariana I Bertoni2 1School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, 2School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 3Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Here, we demonstrate the use of the X-ray fluorescence fitting software, MAPS, created by Argonne National Laboratory for the quantification of fluorescence microscopy data. The quantified data that results is useful for understanding the elemental distribution and stoichiometric ratios within a sample of interest. Engineering High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings Timothy M. Benseman1,2,3, Yang Hao1,2, Vitalii K. Vlasko-Vlasov1, Ulrich Welp1, Alexei E. Koshelev1, Wai-Kwong Kwok1, Ralu Divan4, Courtney Keiser5, Chiharu Watanabe6, Kazuo Kadowaki6 1Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 2Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 3Department of Physics, CUNY Queens College, 4Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 5Department of Physics, University of Northern Iowa, 6Institute for Materials Science, University of Tsukuba Europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTFC) has an optical luminescence line at 612 nm, whose activation efficiency decreases strongly with temperature. If a sample coated with a thin film of this material is micro-imaged, the 612 nm luminescent response intensity may be converted into a direct map of sample surface temperature. Engineering Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping Stephen Lomperski1, Craig Gerardi1, Darius Lisowski1 1Argonne National Laboratory We demonstrate use of a fiber optic distributed sensor for mapping the temperature field of mixing air jets. The Rayleigh scattering-based sensor generates thousands of data points along a single fiber to provide exceptional spatial resolution that is unattainable with traditional sensors such as thermocouples. Engineering Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating Shashidhara Marathe1,2, Xianbo Shi1, Michael J. Wojcik1, Albert T. Macrander1, Lahsen Assoufid1 1X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 2Division of Science, Diamond Light Source Ltd. The measurement protocol and data analysis procedure are given for obtaining transverse coherence of a synchrotron radiation X-ray source along four directions simultaneously using a single 2-D checkerboard phase grating. This simple technique can be applied for complete transverse coherence characterization of X-ray sources and X-ray optics. Engineering Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O2 Battery Xiangyi Luo1, Tianpin Wu2, Jun Lu1, Khalil Amine1 1Chemistry Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 2X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Sources, Argonne National Laboratory A protocol for the electrochemical testing of an aprotic Li-O2 battery with the preparation of electrodes and electrolytes and an introduction of the frequently used methods of characterization is presented here. Immunology and Infection Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins Savannah E. Sanchez1, Daniel A. Cuevas2, Jason E. Rostron1, Tiffany Y. Liang3, Cullen G. Pivaroff1, Matthew R. Haynes1, Jim Nulton4, Ben Felts4, Barbara A. Bailey4, Peter Salamon4, Robert A. Edwards1,5,6, Alex B. Burgin7, Anca M. Segall1, Forest Rohwer1 1Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 2Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, 3Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 4Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, 6Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 7SPARC Committee, Broad Institute Here, we present phenomic approaches for the functional characterization of putative phage genes. Techniques include a developed assay capable of monitoring host anabolic metabolism, the Multi-phenotype Assay Plates (MAPs), in addition to the established method of metabolomics, capable of measuring effects to catabolic metabolism. Chemistry Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation Lydia A. Finney1, Qiaoling Jin2 1X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University Here, we present a protocol on how to determine the quantity and distribution of metals in a sample using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. We focus on adherent cells, and describe the chemical fixation method to prepare this sample. We then describe how to mount and image the sample using synchrotron X-rays. Chemistry Seeded Synthesis of CdSe/CdS Rod and Tetrapod Nanocrystals Karthish Manthiram*1,4, Brandon J. Beberwyck*2,4, Dmitri V. Talapin5,6, A. Paul Alivisatos2,3,4 1Department of Chemical Engineering, UC Berkeley, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, 3Department of Chemistry, UC Berkeley, 4Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 6Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory A protocol for the seeded synthesis of rod-shaped and tetrapod-shaped multicomponent nanostructures consisting of CdS and CdSe is presented. Bioengineering Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies Katla Sai Krishna1,2, Sanchita Biswas1,2, Chelliah V. Navin1,2,3, Dawit G. Yamane1, Jeffrey T. Miller4, Challa S.S.R. Kumar1,2 1Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, 2Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, 4Argonne National Laboratory Millifluidic devices are utilized for controlled synthesis of nanomaterials, time-resolved analysis of reaction mechanisms and continuous flow catalysis. Engineering Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments Sergey V. Baryshev1, Robert A. Erck2, Jerry F. Moore3, Alexander V. Zinovev1, C. Emil Tripa1, Igor V. Veryovkin1 1Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 2Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 3MassThink LLC White light microscope interferometry is an optical, noncontact and quick method for measuring the topography of surfaces. It is shown how the method can be applied toward mechanical wear analysis, where wear scars on tribological test samples are analyzed; and in materials science to determine ion beam sputtering or laser ablation volumes and depths. Engineering Concurrent Quantitative Conductivity and Mechanical Properties Measurements of Organic Photovoltaic Materials using AFM Maxim P. Nikiforov1, Seth B. Darling1,2 1Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 2Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials are inherently inhomogeneous at the nanometer scale. Nanoscale inhomogeneity of OPV materials affects performance of photovoltaic devices. In this paper, we describe a protocol for quantitative measurements of electrical and mechanical properties of OPV materials with sub-100 nm resolution.