Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCAR) 3 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience An Experiment Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Robot-Assisted Multi-Joint Pointing Movements of the Lower Limb João Ricardo Sato1, Anna Carolyna Gianlorenço2, Elayne Borges Fernandes2, Thalita Frigo da Rocha2, Antonio Massato Makiyama*3, Laura Dipietro*4 1Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, 2Department of the Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 3Vivax Ltda, 4Highland Instruments It is estimated that 1 in 6 individuals worldwide will have a stroke in their lifetime, causing long-term disability, whose rehabilitation mechanisms are still poorly understood. This study proposes a protocol to evaluate brain activation by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a lower limb robotic therapy session. Biochemistry Evaluation of Substrate Ubiquitylation by E3 Ubiquitin-ligase in Mammalian Cell Lysates Patrícia M. S. dos Passos*1, Valentine Spagnol*2, Camila R.S.T.B de Correia1, Felipe R. Teixeira1,2 1Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, 2Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo We provide a detailed protocol for a ubiquitylation assay of a specific substrate and an E3 ubiquitin-ligase in mammalian cells. HEK293T cell lines were used for protein overexpression, the polyubiquitylated substrate was purified from cell lysates by immunoprecipitation, and resolved in SDS-PAGE. Immunoblotting was used to visualize this post-translational modification. Chemistry Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate Silvia L. Fernandes1, Lucas J. Affonço2, Roberto A. R. Junior2, José H. D. da Silva2, Elson Longo1, Carlos F. de O. Graeff2 1Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), 2Physics Department, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Here, we present a protocol for niobium oxide films deposition by reactive sputtering with different oxygen flow rates for use as an electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells.