Elena Aikawa Biography Publications JoVE Articles Elena Aikawa has not added a biography. If you are Elena Aikawa and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Elevated Lipoprotein(a) As a Predictor for Coronary Events in Older Men Journal of Lipid Research. Aug, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35724702 A Disease-driver Population Within Interstitial Cells of Human Calcific Aortic Valves Identified Via Single-cell and Proteomic Profiling Cell Reports. Apr, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35417712 Wnt Site Signaling Inhibitor Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 Protects Mitral Valve Endothelium From Myocardial Infarction-Induced Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Journal of the American Heart Association. Apr, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35348006 Controlled Delivery of Gold Nanoparticle-coupled MiRNA Therapeutics an Injectable Self-healing Hydrogel Nanoscale. Dec, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34817483 Highly Selective PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α) Agonist Pemafibrate Inhibits Stent Inflammation and Restenosis Assessed by Multimodality Molecular-Microstructural Imaging Journal of the American Heart Association. Oct, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34632804 Nanoanalytical Analysis of Bisphosphonate-driven Alterations of Microcalcifications Using a 3D Hydrogel System and in Vivo Mouse Model Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Apr, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33795519 ApoC-III is a Novel Inducer of Calcification in Human Aortic Valves The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33334888 Annexin A1-dependent Tethering Promotes Extracellular Vesicle Aggregation Revealed with Single-extracellular Vesicle Analysis Science Advances. Sep, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32938681 Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Cardiovascular Calcification Atherosclerosis. Aug, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32222287 Complex Association of Lipoprotein(a) with Aortic Stenosis Heart (British Cardiac Society). May, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32086294 Cardiovascular Calcification: Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Accelerate Mechanistic Discovery Nature Reviews. Cardiology. May, 2019 | Pubmed ID: 30531869 Transcriptional Control of Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption, Adipose Energy Expenditure and Lipid Handling by Sortilin Scientific Reports. Jun, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29899496 Engineering a 3D-Bioprinted Model of Human Heart Valve Disease Using Nanoindentation-Based Biomechanics Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland). May, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29751516 Detection of Aggregation-Competent Tau in Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Feb, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29495441 Dimerization of Sortilin Regulates Its Trafficking to Extracellular Vesicles The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Mar, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29382723 Sortilin and Its Multiple Roles in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Jan, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29191923 Macrophage Heterogeneity Complicates Reversal of Calcification in Cardiovascular Tissues Circulation Research. Jun, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28642321 Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Inhibition Attenuates Cardiovascular Calcification in the Presence of Oxidative Stress Circulation Research. Jul, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28607103 Zooming in on the Genesis of Atherosclerotic Plaque Microcalcifications The Journal of Physiology. Apr, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27040360 Simulation of Early Calcific Aortic Valve Disease in a 3D Platform: A Role for Myofibroblast Differentiation Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. May, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26996755 3D Ultrasound: Seeing is Understanding-from Imaging to Pathophysiology to Developing Therapies in Secondary MR European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. May, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26976355 Sortilin Mediates Vascular Calcification Via Its Recruitment into Extracellular Vesicles The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Apr, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26950419 Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Calcification: Expanding Current Paradigms The Journal of Physiology. Jan, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26824781 Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 Regulates Calcific Extracellular Vesicle Release in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Fibrocalcific Response Via Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mar, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26800565 Myocardial Infarction Alters Adaptation Of the Tethered Mitral Valve Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Jan, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26796392 Genesis and Growth of Extracellular-vesicle-derived Microcalcification In atherosclerotic Plaques Nature Materials. Mar, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26752654 Mitral Valve Disease--morphology and Mechanisms Nature Reviews. Cardiology. Dec, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26483167 Pitavastatin Reduces Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Plaques in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice with Late Stage Renal Disease PloS One. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26367531 Revisiting Cardiovascular Calcification: A Multifaceted Disease Requiring a Multidisciplinary Approach Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. Oct, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26358815 Valvular Interstitial Cells Suppress Calcification of Valvular Endothelial Cells Atherosclerosis. Sep, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26232165 A Not-So-Little Role for Lipoprotein(a) in the Development of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Circulation. Aug, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26224809 Cardiovascular Calcification: Current Controversies and Novel Concepts Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. Jul-Aug, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25797772 Selective Cathepsin S Inhibition Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice with Chronic Renal Disease The American Journal of Pathology. Apr, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25680278 EVpedia: a Community Web Portal for Extracellular Vesicles Research Bioinformatics (Oxford, England). Mar, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25388151 Directing Valvular Interstitial Cell Myofibroblast-like Differentiation in a Hybrid Hydrogel Platform Advanced Healthcare Materials. Jan, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 24958085 Enrichment of Calcifying Extracellular Vesicles Using Density-based Ultracentrifugation Protocol Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25491249 Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: a Consensus Summary from the Alliance of Investigators on Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Nov, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25189570 Small Entities with Large Impact: Microcalcifications and Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability Current Opinion in Lipidology. Oct, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25188916 Parathyroid Hormone: Critical Bridge Between Bone Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Jul, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24951650 Modifying Vascular Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus: Contribution of O-GlcNAcylation Circulation Research. Mar, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24677232 A Novel Quantitative Approach for Eliminating Sample-to-sample Variation Using a Hue Saturation Value Analysis Program PloS One. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24595280 Potential Drug Targets for Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Nature Reviews. Cardiology. Apr, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24445487 Cystathionine γ-lyase Accelerates Osteoclast Differentiation: Identification of a Novel Regulator of Osteoclastogenesis by Proteomic Analysis Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mar, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24357058 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles: Second Annual Meeting, 17-20 April 2013, Boston, MA (ISEV 2013) Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 26082318 Medial and Intimal Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Stressing the Contributions Journal of the American Heart Association. Oct, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24060959 Role of Extracellular Vesicles in De Novo Mineralization: an Additional Novel Mechanism of Cardiovascular Calcification Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Aug, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23766262 Revised Microcalcification Hypothesis for Fibrous Cap Rupture in Human Coronary Arteries Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jun, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23733926 Leukocyte-derived Microparticles As Proinflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerosis Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Oct, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23707315 Elastogenesis at the Onset of Human Cardiac Valve Development Development (Cambridge, England). Jun, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23637335 Macrophage-derived Matrix Vesicles: an Alternative Novel Mechanism for Microcalcification in Atherosclerotic Plaques Circulation Research. Jun, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23616621 Cardiovascular Inflammation 2012: Reactive Oxygen Species, SUMOylation, and Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Inflammation International Journal of Inflammation. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23555068 MicroRNA in Cardiovascular Calcification: Focus on Targets and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery Mechanisms Circulation Research. Mar, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23538277 Visualizing Novel Concepts of Cardiovascular Calcification Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. Apr, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23290463 Statins Suppress Apolipoprotein CIII-induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Activation and Monocyte Adhesion European Heart Journal. Feb, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 22927557 Vesiclepedia: a Compendium for Extracellular Vesicles with Continuous Community Annotation PLoS Biology. 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23271954 Notch Ligand Delta-like 4 Blockade Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Disorders Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jul, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22699504 Cardiovascular Inflammation International Journal of Inflammation. 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22518345 Inhibition of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Reduces Vascular Calcification and Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mar, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22223731 Look More Closely at the Valve: Imaging Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Circulation. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22090164 血管炎: 针对炎症酶过氧化物酶分子影像。 Radiology. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22084204 Cyclic Strain Induces Dual-mode Endothelial-mesenchymal Transformation of the Cardiac Valve Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Dec, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22123981 The Osteoclast-associated Receptor (OSCAR) is a Novel Receptor Regulated by Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein in Human Endothelial Cells Endocrinology. Dec, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22009730 钙化性主动脉瓣膜病: 不只是退行性的进程: 审查和研究从国家心肺与血液研究所主动脉狭窄工作组的议程。内容提要: 钙化性主动脉瓣疾病-2011年更新。 Circulation. Oct, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22007101 Selective Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Increases Collagen Content of Established Mouse Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21903941 通过针对特定病原体的凝血酶原激活葡萄球菌金黄色心内膜炎的体内检测。 Nature Medicine. Sep, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21857652 Progenitor Cells Confer Plasticity to Cardiac Valve Endothelium Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research. Dec, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21789724 Molecular Imaging Insights into Early Inflammatory Stages of Arterial and Aortic Valve Calcification Circulation Research. May, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21617135 吲哚菁绿使血脂富、 红肿的动脉粥样硬化斑块的近红外荧光成像。 Science Translational Medicine. May, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21613624 Cardiovascular Calcification: an Inflammatory Disease Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21566338 Fibroblast Activation Protein is Induced by Inflammation and Degrades Type I Collagen in Thin-cap Fibroatheromata European Heart Journal. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21292680 Mitral Valve Endothelial Cells with Osteogenic Differentiation Potential Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mar, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21164078 吡格列酮抑制体内小鼠颈动脉粥样硬化炎症反应: 双目标荧光分子成像的新型检测。 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Oct, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20689078 动脉和主动脉瓣钙化与骨质疏松症骨重塑成反比关联: 炎症的作用。 European Heart Journal. Aug, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20601388 Ly-6C(hi) 单核细胞增多与动脉粥样硬化小鼠愈合受损的脑梗死。 Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Apr, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20378083 功能的自体体内监测工程肺动脉瓣膜。 The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Mar, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20176213 The Role of Organ Level Conditioning on the Promotion of Engineered Heart Valve Tissue Development In-vitro Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells Biomaterials. Feb, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19944458 小口径组织工程血管模型小鼠活体分子影像: 一项可行性研究。 Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods. Aug, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19751103 Endothelial Progenitor Cells As a Sole Source for Ex Vivo Seeding of Tissue-engineered Heart Valves Tissue Engineering. Part A. Jan, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19698056 不带偏见的发现活体成像探测器通过体外分析的纳米粒子库。 Integrative Biology : Quantitative Biosciences from Nano to Macro. Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 20023731 分子 MRI 检测中转基因模型的慢性心衰的心肌细胞凋亡的低水平。 Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. Nov, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19920045 同时延迟增强 MRI 与心肌细胞凋亡的分子 MRI 区分细胞凋亡和坏死心肌细胞在体内: 潜在时程抢救急性缺血。 Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. Nov, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19920044 动脉粥样硬化血管细胞黏附分子-1 表达的 PET-CT 成像的 18F 4V。 JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. Oct, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19833312 噁嗪共轭的纳米检测体内次氯酸酸和过氧亚硝酸盐的生成。 Journal of the American Chemical Society. Nov, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19817443 Diffusion Spectrum MRI Tractography Reveals the Presence of a Complex Network of Residual Myofibers in Infarcted Myocardium Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging. May, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19808594 脾藏单核细胞和它们部署到炎症站点的标识。 Science (New York, N.Y.). Jul, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19644120 Chronic Hypoxia Activates the Akt and Beta-catenin Pathways in Human Macrophages Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Oct, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19644051 动脉粥样硬化与自定义纳米传感器中蛋白酶活性的体内 FMT CT 成像中的混合。 Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Oct, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19608968 Active Adaptation of the Tethered Mitral Valve: Insights into a Compensatory Mechanism for Functional Mitral Regurgitation Circulation. Jul, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19597052 抗增殖抑制作用的自发 Viridin 前体药物。 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. Jun, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19509266 分子影像学的先天免疫细胞功能的移植排斥反应。 Circulation. Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19332470 动脉和主动脉瓣膜钙化废除内源性组织蛋白酶 S 虚慢性肾脏病。 Circulation. Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19307473 联合的磁共振和荧光成像的生活鼠标脑揭示了脑胶质瘤化疗反应。 NeuroImage. Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19154791 Genetically Engineered Resistance for MMP Collagenases Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice Infused with Angiotensin II Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology. Mar, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19153555 Notch 在心血管疾病和钙化。 Current Cardiology Reviews. Aug, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 19936191 早期的光子断层扫描允许在小鼠中的荧光检测肺癌与疾病进展的体内。 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Dec, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 19015534 跟踪由遥感酶过氧化物酶对脑卒中体内的炎症反应。 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Nov, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 19011099 实时导管分子传感的 Proteolytically 活动动脉粥样硬化炎症。 Circulation. Oct, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18852366 简化了的复杂的多功能纳米材料的合成。 Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England). Oct, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18830495 转谷氨酰胺活性在急性梗塞预测治疗结果和左心室重构: 对 FXIII 治疗与心肌梗死患者抗凝血酶使用的影响。 European Heart Journal. Feb, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18276618 可激活的磁共振成像代理报告愈合梗塞髓过氧化物酶活性并通过检测阿伐他汀对缺血再灌注损伤的抗炎作用。 Circulation. Mar, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18268141 针对髓过氧化物酶的成像的小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的活跃炎性病变。 Brain : a Journal of Neurology. Apr, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18234693 纳米 PET-CT 成像的巨噬细胞在炎症动脉粥样硬化。 Circulation. Jan, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18158358 成骨将与体内分子成像评价早期动脉粥样硬化炎症相关联。 Circulation. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18040026 治疗心肌按顺序动员两个单核细胞亚群与分歧和补充性职能。 The Journal of Experimental Medicine. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18025128 Healing and Remodeling of Bioengineered Pulmonary Artery Patches Implanted in Sheep Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology. Sep-Oct, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17868878 组织蛋白酶 K 活性的动脉粥样硬化的一种新颖、 蛋白酶激活荧光传感器的光学可视化。 Circulation. May, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17420353 双通道光学层析成像的白细胞征聘和蛋白酶活性测定在治疗心肌梗塞。 Circulation Research. Apr, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17379832 荧光断层扫描和磁共振成像的体内心肌梗死心肌的巨噬细胞浸润。 Circulation. Mar, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17339546 多模态分子影像标识在早期主动脉瓣疾病成骨蛋白水解和活动。 Circulation. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17224478 Ly-6Chi Monocytes Dominate Hypercholesterolemia-associated Monocytosis and Give Rise to Macrophages in Atheromata The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17200719 无创性血管细胞粘附分子 1 成像标识炎性细胞活化的动脉粥样硬化。 Circulation. Oct, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17000904 人类肺动脉瓣祖细胞表现出皮/间充质可塑性对血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子-beta2 的反应。 Circulation Research. Oct, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16973908 使用 Magnetofluorescent 纳米材料的动脉粥样硬化炎症的细胞成像。 Molecular Imaging. Apr-Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16954022 单核细胞在小鼠动脉粥样硬化形成的积累是逐步和疾病的严重程度成正比。 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jul, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16801531 动脉粥样硬化炎症: 可视化在体内巨噬细胞基质金属蛋白酶行动。 Circulation. Jul, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16801460 Chemokine CXCL10 Promotes Atherogenesis by Modulating the Local Balance of Effector and Regulatory T Cells Circulation. May, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16682613 动脉粥样硬化体内使用多通道、 高分辨率激光扫描荧光显微镜中的巨噬细胞活性的检测。 Journal of Biomedical Optics. Mar-Apr, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16674184 Human Semilunar Cardiac Valve Remodeling by Activated Cells from Fetus to Adult: Implications for Postnatal Adaptation, Pathology, and Tissue Engineering Circulation. Mar, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16534030 Matrix Metalloproteinase-13/collagenase-3 Deletion Promotes Collagen Accumulation and Organization in Mouse Atherosclerotic Plaques Circulation. Oct, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16230484 Characterization of Human Atherosclerotic Plaques by Intravascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Circulation. Oct, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16203910 Inhibition of Atherogenesis in BLT1-deficient Mice Reveals a Role for LTB4 and BLT1 in Smooth Muscle Cell Recruitment Circulation. Jul, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16043658 Polycarbonate Ultracentrifuge Tube Re-Use in Proteomic Analyses of Extracellular Vesicles JoVE 66126 Biology 主动脉钙化和炎症血管平滑肌细胞和成像的钙化 Caitlin O'Rourke*1, Georgia Shelton*1,2, Joshua D. Hutcheson3,4, Megan F. Burke2, Trejeeve Martyn1, Timothy E. Thayer2, Hannah R. Shakartzi1, Mary D. Buswell1, Robert E. Tainsh1, Binglan Yu1,4, Aranya Bagchi1,4, David K. Rhee2,4, Connie Wu1,2,4, Matthias Derwall5, Emmanuel S. Buys1,4, Paul B. Yu3,4, Kenneth D. Bloch1,2,4, Elena Aikawa3,4, Donald B. Bloch1,5,6, Rajeev Malhotra2,4 1Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 3Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 4Harvard Medical School, 5Department of Anesthesiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 6Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Medicine
Polycarbonate Ultracentrifuge Tube Re-Use in Proteomic Analyses of Extracellular Vesicles JoVE 66126 Biology
主动脉钙化和炎症血管平滑肌细胞和成像的钙化 Caitlin O'Rourke*1, Georgia Shelton*1,2, Joshua D. Hutcheson3,4, Megan F. Burke2, Trejeeve Martyn1, Timothy E. Thayer2, Hannah R. Shakartzi1, Mary D. Buswell1, Robert E. Tainsh1, Binglan Yu1,4, Aranya Bagchi1,4, David K. Rhee2,4, Connie Wu1,2,4, Matthias Derwall5, Emmanuel S. Buys1,4, Paul B. Yu3,4, Kenneth D. Bloch1,2,4, Elena Aikawa3,4, Donald B. Bloch1,5,6, Rajeev Malhotra2,4 1Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 3Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 4Harvard Medical School, 5Department of Anesthesiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 6Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Medicine