Elizabeth J. Shpall Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center Biography Publications Institution JoVE Articles Elizabeth J. Shpall has not added a biography. If you are Elizabeth J. Shpall and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Cord Blood Graft Engineering Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23084956 Generation of Functional CLL-Specific Cord Blood CTL Using CD40-Ligated CLL APC PloS One. 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23284688 Cord-blood Engraftment with Ex Vivo Mesenchymal-cell Coculture The New England Journal of Medicine. Dec, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23234514 Double Unit Grafts Successfully Extend the Application of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adults with Acute Leukemia Blood. Dec, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23223509 Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Or Poor-Risk Relapsed Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Effect of The Specific High-Dose Chemotherapy Regimen On Outcome Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Nov, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23128322 Conserved DNA Methylation Patterns in Healthy Blood Cells and Extensive Changes in Leukemia Measured by a New Quantitative Technique Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society. Dec, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23075513 Bayesian Continual Reassessment Method for Dose-finding Trials Infusing T Cells with Limited Sample Size Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics. 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23075018 Phase II Trial of Parathyroid Hormone After Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Dec, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22766223 High-dose Infusional Gemcitabine Combined with Busulfan and Melphalan with Autologous Stem-cell Transplantation in Patients with Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Nov, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22643322 Experimental Hematology. Apr, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22507641 Multifaceted Actions of 8-amino-adenosine Kill BCR-ABL Positive Cells Leukemia & Lymphoma. Apr, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22448923 Ex Vivo Fucosylation Improves Human Cord Blood Engraftment in NOD-SCID IL-2Rγnull (NSG) Mice Experimental Hematology. Feb, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22306295 High-dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Breast Cancer: What Have We Learned 25 Years Later? Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22146617 Fludarabine, Melphalan, Thiotepa and Anti-thymocyte Globulin Conditioning for Unrelated Cord Blood Transplant Leukemia & Lymphoma. May, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21988645 Gemcitabine, Fludarabine and Melphalan As a Reduced-intensity Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: Preliminary Results Leukemia & Lymphoma. Mar, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21859247 Infectious Complications in Cord Blood and T-cell Depleted Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation American Journal of Blood Research. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22432070 Steroid-Refractory Acute GVHD: Predictors and Outcomes Advances in Hematology. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22110505 HLA Matching of CB: It's Complicated Blood. Oct, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21980049 Donor-specific Anti-HLA Abs and Graft Failure in Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Blood. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21967975 Ex Vivo Graft Purging and Expansion of Autologous Blood Progenitor Cell Products from Patients with Multiple Myeloma Cancer Research. Jul, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21646477 Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ex Vivo Cord Blood Expansion Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. Mar, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21396596 Reversible Ureteral Obstruction Due to Polyomavirus Infection After Percutaneous Nephrostomy Catheter Placement Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Oct, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21396475 Prophylaxis of Graft-versus-host Disease in Unrelated Donor Transplantation with Pentostatin, Tacrolimus, and Mini-methotrexate: a Phase I/II Controlled, Adaptively Randomized Study Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21149654 Lymphocyte Recovery Predicts Outcomes in Cord Blood and T Cell-depleted Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Aug, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21126598 Unrelated Donor Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in First Remission Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jul, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21087679 The 2011 Education Supplement on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20977943 Novel Cord Blood Transplant Therapies Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20951821 Clofarabine ± Fludarabine with Once Daily I.v. Busulfan As Pretransplant Conditioning Therapy for Advanced Myeloid Leukemia and MDS Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jun, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20946966 Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Antithymocyte Globulin for Matched Related and Unrelated Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Severe Aplastic Anemia Leukemia & Lymphoma. Jan, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20939697 Intravenous Busulfan Plus Melphalan is a Highly Effective, Well-tolerated Preparative Regimen for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Advanced Lymphoid Malignancies Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Mar, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 20674757 A Randomized Study Comparing Chemotherapy Followed by G-CSF Alone or in Combination with GM-CSF for Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Journal of Blood Medicine. 2010 | Pubmed ID: 22282683 Improving Clinical Outcomes Using Adoptively Transferred Immune Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood Cytotherapy. Oct, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20818913 Cord Blood Natural Killer Cells Exhibit Impaired Lytic Immunological Synapse Formation That is Reversed with IL-2 Exvivo Expansion Journal of Immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20664358 Hemorrhagic Cystitis After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants is the Complex Result of BK Virus Infection, Preparative Regimen Intensity and Donor Type Haematologica. Jul, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20410183 Derivation of Human T Lymphocytes from Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood with Antiviral and Antileukemic Specificity from a Single Culture As Protection Against Infection and Relapse After Stem Cell Transplantation Blood. Apr, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20110422 Resolved Hepatitis B Virus Infection is Not Associated with Worse Outcome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. May, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20056165 PiggyBac Transposon/transposase System to Generate CD19-specific T Cells for the Treatment of B-lineage Malignancies Human Gene Therapy. Apr, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19905893 Impact of High-dose Chemotherapy on the Ability to Deliver Subsequent Local-regional Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B Protocol 9082 International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. Apr, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19747781 A Phase III Study of Infliximab and Corticosteroids for the Initial Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Dec, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19896079 High Risk of Graft Failure in Patients with Anti-HLA Antibodies Undergoing Haploidentical Stem-cell Transplantation Transplantation. Oct, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19855248 NK Antibody Therapy: KIR-ative Intent Blood. Sep, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19779042 Repetitive Noninvasive Monitoring of HSV1-tk-expressing T Cells Intravenously Infused into Nonhuman Primates Using Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography with 18F-FEAU Molecular Imaging. Jul-Aug, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19728977 Donor-recipient Mismatches in MHC Class I Chain-related Gene A in Unrelated Donor Transplantation Lead to Increased Incidence of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease Blood. Oct, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19654407 Noninvasive Bioluminescent Imaging Demonstrates Long-term Multilineage Engraftment of Ex Vivo-expanded CD34-selected Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). Aug, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19544439 Endpoints for Clinical Trials Testing Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-host Disease: a Joint Statement Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jul, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19539208 High-dose Chemotherapy for High-risk Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer: is Another Look Warranted? Current Opinion in Oncology. Mar, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19532017 Functionally Active Virus-specific T Cells That Target CMV, Adenovirus, and EBV Can Be Expanded from Naive T-cell Populations in Cord Blood and Will Target a Range of Viral Epitopes Blood. Aug, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19443656 Low-dose Azacitidine After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia Cancer. May, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19235255 De Novo T-lymphocyte Responses Against Baculovirus-derived Recombinant Influenzavirus Hemagglutinin Generated by a Naive Umbilical Cord Blood Model of Dendritic Cell Vaccination Vaccine. Mar, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19185049 Th-1 Polarization is Regulated by Dendritic-cell Comparison of MHC Class I and Class II Antigens Blood. Apr, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19171878 Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Seropositivity on Survival After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies Haematologica. Feb, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19144658 Cord Blood Stem Cell Therapy for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Stem Cells and Development. Jan-Feb, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19018697 Once Daily I.v. Busulfan and Fludarabine (i.v. Bu-Flu) Compares Favorably with I.v. Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide (i.v. BuCy2) As Pretransplant Conditioning Therapy in AML/MDS Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jun, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18489993 Deficient T(H)-1 Responses from TNF-alpha-matured and Alpha-CD40-matured Dendritic Cells Journal of Immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). Feb-Mar, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18481385 Induction of T-cell Responses Against Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas Ex Vivo by Autologous Dendritic Cells Transfected with Amplified Tumor MRNA The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Nov, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18480841 Redirecting Specificity of T-cell Populations for CD19 Using the Sleeping Beauty System Cancer Research. Apr, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18413766 Progress in Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy: Elucidating the Enigma of Th-1 Polarization Human Vaccines. Mar-Apr, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18382128 Infections in 100 Cord Blood Transplantations: Spectrum of Early and Late Posttransplant Infections in Adult and Pediatric Patients 1996-2005 Medicine. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 18004177 Prognostic Significance of Overexpression and Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and the Presence of Truncated EGFRvIII in Locoregionally Advanced Breast Cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Oct, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17906204 Delayed Immune Reconstitution After Cord Blood Transplantation is Characterized by Impaired Thymopoiesis and Late Memory T-cell Skewing Blood. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17671230 Phase I Trial of Parathyroid Hormone to Facilitate Stem Cell Mobilization Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jul, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17580262 Pharmacokinetics of Once-daily IV Busulfan As Part of Pretransplantation Preparative Regimens: a Comparison with an Every 6-hour Dosing Schedule Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17222753 Recombinant Interferon Gamma1b Immune Enhancement in 20 Patients with Hematologic Malignancies and Systemic Opportunistic Infections Treated with Donor Granulocyte Transfusions Cancer. Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16691620 Fixed-dose Single Agent Pegfilgrastim for Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Mobilisation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma British Journal of Haematology. Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16681642 A Geometric Approach to Comparing Treatments for Rapidly Fatal Diseases Biometrics. Mar, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16542246 Double Loading of Dendritic Cell MHC Class I and MHC Class II with an AML Antigen Repertoire Enhances Correlates of T-cell Immunity in Vitro Via Amplification of T-cell Help Vaccine. Apr, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16480795 Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil After Nonmyeloablative Matched-sibling Donor Allogeneic Stem-cell Transplantations Conditioned with Fludarabine and Low-dose Total Body Irradiation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16443519 Consolidation with High-dose Combination Alkylating Agents with Bone Marrow Transplantation Significantly Improves Disease-free Survival in Hormone-insensitive Metastatic Breast Cancer in Complete Remission Compared with Intensive Standard-dose Chemotherapy Alone Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16443517 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Neoplastic Disease Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16443510 Extracorporeal Photopheresis for Acute and Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease: Does It Work? Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16399600 Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy for the Treatment of Steroid-resistant Chronic GVHD Blood. Apr, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16368882 Evaluation of the Effect of Age on Treatment-related Mortality and Relapse in Patients with High-risk Primary Breast Cancer Receiving High-dose Chemotherapy American Journal of Clinical Oncology. Jun, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15923796 Cotransplantation of HLA-identical Sibling Culture-expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Hematologic Malignancy Patients Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. May, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15846293 Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Docetaxel Combined with Melphalan and Carboplatin, with Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Support, in Patients with Advanced Refractory Malignancies Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Apr, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15812395 Prospective, Randomized Comparison of High-dose Chemotherapy with Stem-cell Support Versus Intermediate-dose Chemotherapy After Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Women with High-risk Primary Breast Cancer: a Report of CALGB 9082, SWOG 9114, and NCIC MA-13 Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Apr, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15767638 Risk of Transmission of Herpesviruses Through Cord Blood Transplantation Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jan, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15625542 Phase II Feasibility and Pharmacokinetic Study of Concurrent Administration of Trastuzumab and High-dose Chemotherapy in Advanced HER2+ Breast Cancer Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Nov, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15534084 The Use of High-dose Cyclophosphamide, Carmustine, and Thiotepa Plus Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation As Consolidation Therapy for High-risk Primary Breast Cancer After Primary Surgery or Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Nov, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15505610 Stem-cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors Springer Seminars in Immunopathology. Nov, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15368078 Graft--versus--breast Cancer Effect by Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-cell Transplantation: a Possible New Frontier Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Oct, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15314060 Prognostic Analysis of Early Lymphocyte Recovery in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Receiving High-dose Chemotherapy with an Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Aug, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15297410 Randomized Phase II Trial of Two High-dose Chemotherapy Regimens with Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Cancer in First Remission or Chemosensitive Relapse: a Southwest Oncology Group Study Gynecologic Oncology. Jul, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15262126 Ex-vivo Purging of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Current Hematology Reports. Jul, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15217555 Prognostic Significance of Occult Tumor Cells in the Apheresis Products of Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Receiving High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Support Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Jun, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15148495 Long-term Analysis and Prospective Validation of a Prognostic Model for Patients with High-risk Primary Breast Cancer Receiving High-dose Chemotherapy Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Apr, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15102662 High-dose Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: is Another Look Warranted? Current Opinion in Oncology. Mar, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15075901 Once-daily Intravenous Busulfan and Fludarabine: Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Results of a Myeloablative, Reduced-toxicity Conditioning Regimen for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in AML and MDS Blood. Aug, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15073038 Human Pulmonary Chimerism After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12724127 Transplantation of Ex Vivo Expanded Cord Blood Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation : Journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12171483 Renal Dysfunction in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Kidney International. Aug, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12110019 Ex Vivo Expanded Cord Blood Cells Provide Rapid Engraftment in Fetal Sheep but Lack Long-term Engrafting Potential Experimental Hematology. Jun, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12063029 Prognostic Model for Relapse After High-dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem-cell Transplantation for Stage IV Oligometastatic Breast Cancer Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Feb, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11821452 Differential Long-term and Multilineage Engraftment Potential from Subfractions of Human CD34+ Cord Blood Cells Transplanted into NOD/SCID Mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jan, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11782553 Automatisert Cell anrikning av Cytomegalovirus-spesifikke T-celler for kliniske applikasjoner ved hjelp av cytokin-fangst System Pappanaicken Kumaresan*1, Mathew Figliola*1, Judy S. Moyes1, M. Helen Huls1, Priti Tewari1, Elizabeth J. Shpall2, Richard Champlin2, Laurence J.N. Cooper1 1Division of Pediatrics, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center Immunology and Infection Klinisk anvendelse av M. Helen Huls1, Matthew J. Figliola1, Margaret J. Dawson1, Simon Olivares1, Partow Kebriaei2, Elizabeth J. Shpall2, Richard E. Champlin2, Harjeet Singh1, Laurence J.N. Cooper1 1Division of Pediatrics, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center JoVE 50070 Immunology and Infection Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus JoVE 3627 Immunology and Infection
Automatisert Cell anrikning av Cytomegalovirus-spesifikke T-celler for kliniske applikasjoner ved hjelp av cytokin-fangst System Pappanaicken Kumaresan*1, Mathew Figliola*1, Judy S. Moyes1, M. Helen Huls1, Priti Tewari1, Elizabeth J. Shpall2, Richard Champlin2, Laurence J.N. Cooper1 1Division of Pediatrics, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center Immunology and Infection
Klinisk anvendelse av M. Helen Huls1, Matthew J. Figliola1, Margaret J. Dawson1, Simon Olivares1, Partow Kebriaei2, Elizabeth J. Shpall2, Richard E. Champlin2, Harjeet Singh1, Laurence J.N. Cooper1 1Division of Pediatrics, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center JoVE 50070 Immunology and Infection
Expanding Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Umbilical Cord Blood that Target Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, and Adenovirus JoVE 3627 Immunology and Infection
