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Articles by Mehdi Farhoudi in JoVE
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An In Vivo Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
Hamdollah Panahpour1, Mehdi Farhoudi2, Yadollah Omidi3, Javad Mahmoudi2
1Department of Physiology, Medical School, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 2Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 3Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
The overall goal of this procedure is to provide a highly reproducible technique for in vivo assessment of the blood-brain barrier disruption in rat models of ischemic stroke.
Other articles by Mehdi Farhoudi on PubMed
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Amyloid-beta: a Crucial Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
Medical Principles and Practice : International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre.
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Pubmed ID: 25471398 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia which affects people older than 60 years of age. In AD, the dysregulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) level leads to the appearance of senile plaques which contain Aβ depositions. Aβ is a complex biological molecule which interacts with many types of receptors and/or forms insoluble assemblies and, eventually, its nonphysiological depositions alternate with the normal neuronal conditions. In this situation, AD signs appear and the patients experience marked cognitional disabilities. In general, intellect, social skills, personality, and memory are influenced by this disease and, in the long run, it leads to a reduction in quality of life and life expectancy. Due to the pivotal role of Aβ in the pathobiology of AD, a great deal of effort has been made to reveal its exact role in neuronal dysfunctions and to finding efficacious therapeutic strategies against its adverse neuronal outcomes. Hence, the determination of its different molecular assemblies and the mechanisms underlying its pathological effects are of interest. In the present paper, some of the well-established structural forms of Aβ, its interactions with various receptors and possible molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity are discussed. In addition, several Aβ-based rodent models of AD are reviewed.
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Association of IL-13 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients to Multiple Sclerosis
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Immunology.
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Pubmed ID: 25628961 MS is an autoimmune disease and interleukin 13 (IL-13) has been proposed to be an important neuroprotective mediator in MS. Because of plausible effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in expression level or biological activity of any cytokine, we sought to investigate association of IL-13 SNPs, C-1112T, A-1512C and G+2044A, with risk to MS. Sixty-eight RRMS patients and 110 healthy controls were involved in this study. After extraction of genomic DNA, frequency of genotypes and alleles were determined by PCR-RFLP and data were analyzed statistically. Results showed significant higher frequency of CC, CC, and AA genotypes and C, C, and A alleles of -1112CT, -1512AC and +2044GA SNPs respectively, in patients group. There was significant association between -1112C allele with onset age of MS. No significant association was seen between any of genotypes or alleles with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of patients. Our findings showed significant association between three studied SNPs of IL-13 with susceptibility to MS in Iranian patients. More studies should be done on other IL-13 SNPs, and also polymorphisms of IL-13 receptor and other cytokines to determine the exact role of SNPs in protecting or predisposing of individuals for MS.
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The Interplay of MicroRNAs and Post-ischemic Glutamate Excitotoxicity: an Emergent Research Field in Stroke Medicine
Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology.
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Pubmed ID: 27350638 Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the most common cause of adult disabilities among elderlies. It involves a complex series of mechanisms among which, excitotoxicity is of great importance. Also, miRNAs appear to play role in post-stroke excitotoxicity, and changes in their transcriptome occur right after cerebral ischemia. Recent data indicate that specific miRNAs such as miRNA-223, miRNA-181, miRNA-125a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-1000, miRNA-132 and miRNA-124a regulate glutamate neurotransmission and excitotoxicity during stroke. However, limitations such as poor in vivo stability, side effects and inappropriate biodistribution in miRNA-based therapies still exist and should be overcome before clinical application. Thence, investigation of the effect of application of these miRNAs after the onset of ischemia is a pivotal step for manipulating these miRNAs in clinical use. Given this, present review concentrates on miRNAs roles in post-ischemic stroke excitotoxicity.
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Renal Dysfunction Is an Independent Risk Factor for Poor Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis: A New Cutoff Value
Stroke Research and Treatment.
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Pubmed ID: 28127492
. This study was set to assess the effect of renal dysfunction on outcome of stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).. This multicenter research involved 403 patients from January 2009 to March 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) control group with GFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 mand (2) low GFR group with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m. Outcome measurements were poor outcome (mRS 3-6) and mortality at 3 months and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) within the first 24-36 hours. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed, and odds ratios (ORs) were determined at 95% confidence intervals (CIs).. Univariate analyses determined that every decrease of GFR by 10 mL/min/1.73 msignificantly increased the risk of poor outcome (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30,< 0.001) and mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06-1.32,= 0.002). In multivariate regression, adjusted for all variables withvalue < 0.1, low GFR (GFR < 45 versus GFR equal to or more than 45) was associated with poor outcome (OR adjusted 2.15, 95% CI 1.01-4.56,= 0.045).. In IVT for acute stroke, renal dysfunction with GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 mbefore treatment determined increased odds for poor outcome compared to GFR of more than 45 mL/min/1.73 m.
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Transcranial Low-level Laser Therapy Improves Brain Mitochondrial Function and Cognitive Impairment in D-galactose-induced Aging Mice
Neurobiology of Aging.
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Pubmed ID: 28735143 Mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging-related cognitive impairment, and photoneuromodulation of mitochondria by transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may contribute to its improvement. This study focused on the transcranial LLLT effects on the D-galactose (DG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment in mice. For this purpose, red and near-infrared (NIR) laser wavelengths (660 and 810 nm) at 2 different fluencies (4 and 8 J/cm) at 10-Hz pulsed wave mode were administrated transcranially 3 d/wk in DG-received (500 mg/kg/subcutaneous) mice model of aging for 6 weeks. Spatial and episodic-like memories were assessed by the Barnes maze and What-Where-Which (WWWhich) tasks. Brain tissues were analyzed for mitochondrial function including active mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species levels, as well as membrane potential and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Apoptosis-related biomarkers, namely, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting method. Laser treatments at wavelengths of 660 and 810 nm at 8 J/cmattenuated DG-impaired spatial and episodic-like memories. Also, results showed an obvious improvement in the mitochondrial function aspects and modulatory effects on apoptotic markers in aged mice. However, same wavelengths at the fluency of 4 J/cmhad poor effect on the behavioral and molecular indexes in aging model. This data indicates that transcranial LLLT at both of red and NIR wavelengths at the fluency of 8 J/cmhas a potential to ameliorate aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment.
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Recent Advances in Targeted Delivery of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Enhanced Thrombolysis in Ischaemic Stroke
Journal of Drug Targeting.
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Pubmed ID: 28796540 Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA approved medical treatment for the ischaemic stroke. However, it associates with some inevitable limitations, including: short therapeutic window, extremely short half-life and low penetration in large clots. Systemic administration may lead to complications such as haemorrhagic conversion in the brain and relapse in the form of re-occlusion. Furthermore, ultrasound has been utilised in combination with contrast agents, echogenic liposome, microspheres or nanoparticles (NPs) carrying tPA for improving thrombolysis - an approach that has resulted in slight improvement of tPA delivery and facilitated thrombolysis. Most of these delivery systems are able to extend the circulating half-life and clot penetration of tPA. Various technologies employed for ameliorated thrombolytic therapy are in different phases, some are in final steps for clinical applications while some others are under investigations for their safety and efficacy in human cases. Here, recent progresses on the thrombolytic therapy using novel nano- and micro-systems incorporating tPA are articulated. Of these, liposomes and microspheres, polymeric NPs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are discussed. Key technologies implemented for efficient delivery of tPA and advanced thrombolytic therapy and their advantages/disadvantages are further expressed.
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Stroke Subtypes, Risk Factors and Mortality Rate in Northwest of Iran
Iranian Journal of Neurology.
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Pubmed ID: 29114365
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and first cause of disability in adults in the world. About 80% of all stroke deaths occur in developing countries. So far, the data on stroke epidemiology have been limited in Iran. Therefore, this study was focused on stroke demographic data, risk factors, types and mortality.A retrospective study was done in two university tertiary referral hospitals in Tabriz, northwest of Iran, from March 2008 to April 2013. Patients diagnosed with stroke were enrolled in the study. Demographic data, stroke subtypes, duration of hospitalization, stroke risk factors and hospital mortality rate were recorded for all the patients.A total number of 5355 patients were evaluated in the present study. Mean age of the patients was 67.5 ± 13.8 years, and 50.6% were men. Final diagnosis of ischemic stroke was made in 76.5% of the patients, intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with or without intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 14.3% and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 9.2%. Stroke risk factors among the patients were hypertension in 68.8% of the patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) in 23.9%, smoking in 12.6% and ischemic heart diseases (IHD) in 17.1%. Mean hospital stay was 17.3 days. Overall, the in-hospital mortality was 20.5%.Compared to other studies, duration of hospital stay was longer and mortality rate was higher in this study. Hypertension was the most common risk factor and cardiac risk factors and DM had relatively lower rate in comparison to other studies. Because of insufficient data on the epidemiology, patterns, and risk factors of stroke in Iran, there is a necessity to develop and implement a national registry system.
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