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Articles by Samuel J. Sober in JoVE
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, מערכת אוזניות קלה משקל מבוססת על מניפולצית משוב שמיעתי בציפורי שיר
Lukas A. Hoffmann1,2, Conor W. Kelly1,3, David A. Nicholson1,2, Samuel J. Sober1
1Department of Biology, Emory University, 2Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, 3Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory University
אנו מתארים את התכנון וההרכבה של אוזניות מתאימות להחלפת המשוב השמיעתי הטבעי של ציפור שיר עם אות אקוסטי מניפולציות מיניאטורי. חומרת עיבוד צליל מקוונת משמשת כדי לתפעל תפוקת שיר, להציג את טעויות בזמן אמת במשוב שמיעתי דרך האוזניות, ולנהוג למידה מוטורית ווקאלי.
Other articles by Samuel J. Sober on PubMed
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Central Contributions to Acoustic Variation in Birdsong
The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
Oct, 2008 |
Pubmed ID: 18842896 Birdsong is a learned behavior remarkable for its high degree of stereotypy. Nevertheless, adult birds display substantial rendition-by-rendition variation in the structure of individual song elements or "syllables." Previous work suggests that some of this variation is actively generated by the avian basal ganglia circuitry for purposes of motor exploration. However, it is unknown whether and how natural variations in premotor activity drive variations in syllable structure. Here, we recorded from the premotor nucleus robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) in Bengalese finches and measured whether neural activity covaried with syllable structure across multiple renditions of individual syllables. We found that variations in premotor activity were significantly correlated with variations in the acoustic features (pitch, amplitude, and spectral entropy) of syllables in approximately a quarter of all cases. In these cases, individual neural recordings predicted 8.5 +/- 0.3% (mean +/- SE) of the behavioral variation, and in some cases accounted for 25% or more of trial-by-trial variations in acoustic output. The prevalence and strength of neuron-behavior correlations indicate that each acoustic feature is controlled by a large ensemble of neurons that vary their activity in a coordinated manner. Additionally, we found that correlations with pitch (but not other features) were predominantly positive in sign, supporting a model of pitch production based on the anatomy and physiology of the vocal motor apparatus. Collectively, our results indicate that trial-by-trial variations in spectral structure are indeed under central neural control at the level of RA, consistent with the idea that such variation reflects motor exploration.
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Linked Control of Syllable Sequence and Phonology in Birdsong
The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
Sep, 2010 |
Pubmed ID: 20881112 The control of sequenced behaviors, including human speech, requires that the brain coordinate the production of discrete motor elements with their concatenation into complex patterns. In birdsong, another sequential vocal behavior, the acoustic structure (phonology) of individual song elements, or "syllables," must be coordinated with the sequencing of syllables into a song. However, it is unknown whether syllable phonology is independent of the sequence in which a syllable is produced. We quantified interactions between phonology and sequence in Bengalese finch song by examining both convergent syllables, which can be preceded by at least two different syllables and divergent syllables, which can be followed by at least two different syllables. Phonology differed significantly based on the identity of the preceding syllable for 97% of convergent syllables and differed significantly with the identity of the upcoming syllable for 92% of divergent syllables. Furthermore, sequence-dependent phonological differences extended at least two syllables away from the convergent or divergent syllable. To determine whether these phenomena reflect differences in central control, we analyzed premotor neural activity in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). Activity associated with a syllable varied significantly depending on the sequence in which the syllable was produced, suggesting that sequence-dependent variations in premotor activity contribute to sequence-dependent differences in phonology. Moreover, these data indicate that RA activity could contribute to the sequencing of syllables. Together, these results suggest that, rather than being controlled independently, the sequence and phonology of birdsong are intimately related, as is the case for human speech.
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