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全球营销组合 II - 价格
全球营销组合 II - 价格
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Marketing
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Business Marketing
The Global Marketing Mix II – Price

16.11: 全球营销组合 II - 价格

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01:12 min
February 20, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

全球营销中的定价是一种多方面的策略,受多种因素影响,包括生产成本、关税、当地竞争和消费者购买力。设定合适的价格至关重要,因为它可以传达产品的感知价值并决定其在不同市场的竞争力。公司通常需要在盈利能力和可负担性之间取得平衡,以吸引不同的消费群体。关键考虑因素包括运营成本、市场状况和经济政策,每一项都会影响全球市场的最终定价策略。

运营成本和关税: 进口和运营成本,例如制造、运输和分销,以及进口关税和关税,会显著影响国际市场的定价。例如,由于生产和物流费用增加,再加上欧盟征收的进口关税,Levi's 牛仔裤在欧洲的价格高于美国。这些增加的成本需要更高的价格点,从而影响品牌在这些市场中的定位。同样,美国对韩国钢铁征收的高关税导致这种商品的价格上涨,这表明关税会破坏定价和市场竞争力。

当地市场动态:当地竞争、供需和经济稳定性在决定价格水平方面起着至关重要的作用。在竞争激烈的市场中,公司可能需要采取激进的定价策略来保持其市场份额。配额和补贴也会影响定价。例如,美国对韩国钢铁的配额限制了供应,导致供应有限导致价格上涨。相反,政府补贴可以使产品更实惠。在德国,对电动汽车 (EV) 的补贴降低了价格,使制造商能够以更低的成本提供电动汽车,从而刺激需求。这使特斯拉等公司能够在欧洲电动汽车市场获得竞争优势。

技术进步和产品生命周期:在技术驱动型行业中,快速创新缩短了产品生命周期,需要制定快速收回开发成本的策略。公司通常会为新产品模型设定更高的价格,尤其是在美国等高收入市场,那里的早期采用者愿意为最新技术支付溢价。例如,Apple 针对美国最新 iPhone 机型的初始定价策略针对购买力较高的消费者,以确保快速收回成本。相比之下,在技术采用较慢的市场中,公司可能会将价格保持在较高水平以抵消物流和营销费用,并冒着销量下降的风险。

有效管理全球定价策略使公司能够适应不同的经济状况,优化盈利能力,并加强其全球市场地位。

Transcript

在全球营销中,定价反映了产品的价值和消费者在不同市场的支付意愿。

进入和运营成本(包括关税和税收)会影响全球定价。例如,由于关税较高,Levi's 牛仔裤在欧洲比在美国贵。

当地市场因素(如竞争、供求关系和经济状况)会影响定价。

配额可以限制供应并提高价格,就像美国的韩国钢铁一样,而补贴(如德国的电动汽车)可以降低成本并提高竞争力。

技术进步缩短了产品生命周期,促使科技公司提高新型号的定价,以快速收回开发成本。

在美国等购买力较高的市场,此策略有助于更快地收回成本。

价格上涨会导致物流挑战,例如在技术采用速度较慢或购买力较低的地区征收进口关税。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Global Pricing - Strategic process for setting product prices in international markets, influenced by various factors such as production costs, tariffs, and competition.
  • Operating Costs and Tariffs - Elements influencing the global pricing, which include manufacturing, transportation, distribution expenses, and import duties.
  • Local Market Dynamics - Local factors affecting pricing that include competition, economic stability, and supply-demand fluctuations.
  • Competitive Edge - Advantage a company achieves by differentiating its products or pricing more attractively compared to competitors.
  • Product Lifecycles - The period from a product's introduction to its withdrawal from the market, that influence its pricing strategy.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Global Pricing – Explain the factors influencing international pricing strategies (e.g., tariffs, competition).
  • Contrast Operating Costs and Tariffs versus Local Market Dynamics – Explain how these elements differently affect global pricing (e.g., American vs European markets).
  • Explore Competitive Edge – Describe how proper pricing can create an advantage over competitors (e.g., Tesla in Germany).
  • Explain Product Lifecycles – Brief description on how lifecycles influence pricing, especially in rapidly changing markets like technology.
  • Apply in Context – Discuss how companies optimize profitability and market position through effective global pricing management.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • [Question 1] What is global pricing and how does it incorporate different market factors?
  • [Question 2] How do operating costs and tariffs versus market dynamics impact international pricing?
  • [Question 3] How does an effective pricing strategy contribute to achieving a competitive edge?

This video is also useful for

  • Marketing Students: Understand how global pricing impacts international marketing strategies and competitiveness.
  • Business Professionals: Gain insights on managing pricing strategies to optimize profitability in different international markets.
  • Economists: Analyze the effects of economic policies, market dynamics, and tariffs on pricing.
  • Product Managers: Learn the role of product lifecycle and technological advancements in defining pricing strategies.

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