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JoVE Business
Microeconomics
劳动边际产量 II
劳动边际产量 II
Business
Microeconomics
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Business Microeconomics
The Marginal Product of Labor II

15.5: 劳动边际产量 II

280 Views
01:24 min
February 18, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

劳动边际产量(MPL)衡量的是增加一个单位的劳动所带来的产出的增加,同时假设所有的其他投入的水平都保持不变。

计算劳动边际产量

劳动边际产量的计算方法如下:

MPL = (ΔQ/ΔL)

其中,

MPL 指的是劳动边际产量

ΔQ 指的是总产出的变化

ΔL 指的是劳动力的变化

劳动边际产量会受到收益递减规律的影响。然而,在增加了更多的工人时,对总产出的贡献下降并不是由于每个额外雇用的工人的技能或质量出现下降。相反,为了简单起见,假设所有的工人都具有相同的技能和生产能力。之所以出现劳动边际产量递减是因为随着更多的工人被雇佣,每个额外工人能够获得的固定投入资源将会减少,例如固定数量的资本。

劳动边际物质产品

劳动边际产量也被称为劳动边际物质产品(MPPL)。它量化了由于额外工人的雇佣而造成的物质产品单位的增加。术语“物质”强调了它衡量的是有形的产出单位。使用“物质”能够将劳动边际物质产品与可能受价格或市场价值影响的指标区分开来。它只会关注产出的数量,从而提供对生产力的清晰而具体的理解。通过强调实物方面,术语“劳动边际物质产品”能够将注意力引向生产过程的效率,而不是外部经济因素。它有助于理解劳动投入的变化影响生产量的方式。

Transcript

劳动或MP_L的边际产品计算为在其他投入保持不变的情况下,产出数量的变化与劳动数量的变化的商。

考虑一下显示芒果园中劳动MP_L的时间表。

第一个工人一天采摘 200 个芒果,这是一个工人的总产量。雇用第二个工人后,输出上升到 360。MP_L 在这个阶段是 160 岁。

由于边际产品递减定律,MP_L随着每个新工人的雇用而下降。请注意,MP_L减少并不是由工人之间劳动质量的任何差异引起的。假定所有雇佣工人的技能相同。

以图形方式,worker 数量绘制在 x 轴上,MP_L 绘制在 y 轴上。

MP_L曲线从公司雇用一名工人的点开始。它显示了随着工人的增加,劳动的边际产品向下倾斜。

MP_L也称为劳动或MPP_L的边际实物产品,因为它显示了所制造产品的额外实物单位。

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