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Microeconomics
收入的边际效用递减
收入的边际效用递减
Business
Microeconomics
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Business Microeconomics
Diminishing Marginal Utility of Income

20.2: 收入的边际效用递减

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01:28 min
March 17, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

效用反映了个人从消费商品和服务中获得的满意度。随着收入的增加,人们可以负担得起更多的商品和服务,从而提高整体满意度。因此,效用和收入是相关的。 经济学家经常假设效用可以用数字来衡量,以分析效用和收入之间的关系。他们通常认为大多数人的收入边际效用递减。

边际效用递减表明,每增加一美元收入,满意度就会比以前低。这种影响不一定是线性的——边际效用递减的程度因收入水平和个人偏好而异。换句话说,收入的最初增加会显着提高幸福感。然而,随后的增加导致满意度的提高较小。 

此外,收入损失被认为比同等收入增长对幸福感的影响更大。这意味着收入的减少导致的效用下降幅度大于相同金额的额外收入产生的效用增加。

了解收入的边际效用递减对于分析消费者行为至关重要。

Transcript

效用衡量个人从消费产品中获得的满意度。 

收入使购买这些产品成为可能。因此,效用和收入是相关的。

想想约翰。随着收入的增加,他购买了更多的产品,从而提高了实用性。

经济学家经常认为效用可以用数字来衡量,以分析效用和收入之间的关系。此外,他们假设大多数人的收入边际效用递减。

例如,John 收入的前 20,000 美元提供 20 个单位的水电费,而接下来的 20,000 美元只增加 12 个单位。因此,在 40,000 美元时,John 的总效用增加,但第二个 20,000 美元的额外效用小于第一个。

这也意味着 John 认为收入损失比同等收入增加更重要。例如,如果 John 的收入从 40,000 美元下降到 20,000 美元,他将损失 12 个公用事业单位。然而,从 40,000 美元增加到 60,000 美元,他只获得了 6 个单位的效用。

了解收入的边际效用递减有助于分析消费者行为。

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