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JoVE Business
Macroeconomics
美联储的职能I
美联储的职能I
Business
Macroeconomics
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Business Macroeconomics
Functions of the Federal Reserve I

5.12: 美联储的职能I

112 Views
01:24 min
November 14, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

美联储在清算银行间支付方面发挥着关键作用。

Fed 的一项重要职能是清算银行间支付。当银行之间进行转账时,Fed 作为中介机构,确保这些交易能够顺利清算。商业银行在 Fed 开设账户,称为主账户。这些账户储存银行间支付所需的准备金。

当一家银行需要向另一家银行转账时,它会通过电子支付系统向 Fed 发送指令。Fed 随后调整各银行主账户中的余额。它会从汇款银行的准备金账户中扣除(减少)相同金额,并向收款银行的准备金账户中贷记(增加)相同金额。该过程确保资金能够在银行间安全高效地流动。

通过管理这些准备金账户并处理银行间支付,美联储使银行能够代表其客户顺利完成交易。

Transcript

美联储的一个关键职能是清算银行间支付。

例如,汤姆给他的水管工支付了1000美元。然而,汤姆的账户在银行A,而水管工的账户在银行B。

那么银行之间会发生什么?银行B需要从银行A收取1000美元。

这正是美联储介入的地方。

为了结算这笔款项,银行A通过其电子支付系统之一向美联储发送指令。

该指令要求美联储将1000美元从银行A的准备金账户转移到银行B的准备金账户。

为了让这个体系运作,商业银行在美联储持有账户。

这些称为“主账户”,银行存放储备金——用于结算两款款项的资金。

在我们的例子中,美联储借方或减少银行A的主账户1000美元,同时对银行B的主账户贷方或增加相同的金额。

这意味着美联储的资金在银行之间流动。

银行B随后向水管工账户入账1000美元。

汤姆呢?他在银行A的账户在付款开始时被扣款。

Explore More Videos

联邦储备 银行间支付 支付清算 主账户 商业银行 准备金余额 电子支付系统 交易结算 中介 资金转移

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