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Biology
叶绿体的解剖学
叶绿体的解剖学
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
Anatomy of Chloroplasts

9.3: 叶绿体的解剖学

119,465 Views
01:07 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

绿藻和植物,包括绿色的茎和未成熟的果实,都含有叶绿体——光合作用发生的重要细胞器。在植物中,叶绿体密度最高的是在叶片的叶肉细胞中。

叶绿体周围有一层双层膜。外膜一面对着植物细胞的细胞质,另一面对着叶绿体的膜间空间。内层膜将狭窄的膜间空间与叶绿体(称为基质)的水内部分开。

在基质中,另一组膜形成圆盘状的隔室,称为类囊体。类囊体的内部称为类囊体腔。在大多数植物中,类囊体是相互连接的,并形成称为基粒的堆叠。

嵌入类囊体膜的是多蛋白光收集(或天线)复合物。这些复合物由蛋白质和色素(如叶绿素)组成,它们捕获光能来进行光合作用的光依赖反应。这些过程释放氧气并以ATP和NADPH的形式产生化学能。

光合作用的第二部分卡尔文循环与光无关,发生在叶绿体的基质中。卡尔文循环捕获CO2并利用ATP和NADPH最终产生糖。

叶绿体协调光合作用的两个阶段。光合作用释放出氧气和糖,这是直接或间接为地球上大多数生命提供养分的植物生物量的基础。

Transcript

- 在植物中,光合作用发生在

机密的叶肉细胞层

叶肉细胞层中含有最多的叶绿体

分散在这些特殊的双曾膜中

有另外一组隔室

称作类囊体的充液膜囊,

互相连接形成多个堆栈

叫作质体基粒

在每一粒质体基粒的外缘,

嵌入类囊体膜内,

有多蛋白复合物

就如光和系统

这些结构包含与许多色素分子结合的触角蛋白质,

像叶绿素一样,

以吸收光并开始

光依赖反应的第一阶段

同时第二阶段,卡尔文循环,

发生在基质中,

即类囊体脂质双层外的水腔

由于这两个过程协同工作,

植物依靠在叶绿体中的生化工厂,

能生产自己的食物

Explore More Videos

叶绿体 光合作用 叶 叶肉细胞层 类囊体 Grana 光系统 天线蛋白 叶绿素 光依赖性反应 卡尔文循环 基质 脂质双层 绿藻 植物 叶肉细胞 双膜

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