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JoVE Core
Biology
心脏的解剖
心脏的解剖
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
Anatomy of the Heart

22.6: 心脏的解剖

120,855 Views
01:27 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

人的心脏由三层组织组成,心包被心包围,这是一种保护和限制心脏的膜。最靠近心包的最外层是心外膜。心包腔将心包与心外膜分开。心外膜下面是心肌,中间层和心内膜,即最内层。心脏有四个腔室:右心房,右心室,左心房和左心室。这些隔室有两种类型的阀门 - 房室和半月 - 用于防止血液沿错误的方向流动。

血液流动

右心房接受来自冠状窦和上下腔静脉的血液。这种血液通过右房室瓣(或三尖瓣)进入右心室,这是一种结缔组织瓣,可以防止血液回流到心房。然后,血液离开心脏,通过肺半月瓣进入肺动脉。然后血液被肺静脉带回心脏的左心房。在左心房和左心室之间,血液再次通过一个防止回流到心房的房室瓣。这种房室瓣叫做二尖瓣。血液通过左心室经主动脉半月瓣进入主动脉,使心脏通过循环系统泵送到所有器官、肌肉和组织。

噜-嘟

心脏发出的独特声音是由心脏收缩和房室瓣和半月瓣关闭引起的。房室瓣可以防止从心室回流到心房。当房室瓣关闭时,会发出“噜”的声音。半月瓣的关闭可以防止血液从动脉回流到心室,发出“嘟”的声音。当瓣膜不能完全关闭或打开时,这种明显的声音就会改变,产生心脏杂音。

心血管疾病

心血管疾病,心脏和心血管系统疾病,是美国最常见的人类死亡原因。心脏健康对器官和肌肉的最佳功能至关重要。由于血液回流、无效泵送或血流减少而导致的正常心脏泵送中断,导致向身体所有组织提供的氧气减少。

Transcript

人类的心脏, 大概有拳头大小的一块肌肉 由三层组织组成。 最外层叫做心外膜, 由心包膜环绕, 这层薄膜保护并固定心脏。 中间层叫做心肌层,这是心脏肌肉的细胞, 组成心脏壁的主要部分, 由心内膜包裹。

心脏可以划分为四个部分。 上部的叫做心房。 右心房从冠状窦、 上腔静脉和下腔静脉接受血液。

而左心房从肺静脉 接受血液。 下方的两个部分 左心室和右心室泵送血液。 除此之外,还有四个主瓣, 连接的组织单位,可以保证血液 以一个方向流动,防止倒流。

三尖瓣负责右侧的 心房心室分离, 左侧则由二尖瓣负责。 另外两个半月瓣 保证血液离开心脏。 一个位于右侧肺动脉, 叫做肺动脉瓣。 另一个位于左侧主动脉 叫做主动脉瓣。

Explore More Videos

解剖学 心脏 肌肉 拳头 层 组织 心外膜 心包 心肌 心内膜 腔室 心房 心室 瓣膜 结缔组织 血流 三尖瓣 二尖瓣 半月瓣 肺动脉 主动脉

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