-1::1
Simple Hit Counter
Skip to content

Products

Solutions

×
×
Sign In

CN

EN - EnglishCN - 简体中文DE - DeutschES - EspañolKR - 한국어IT - ItalianoFR - FrançaisPT - Português do BrasilPL - PolskiHE - עִבְרִיתRU - РусскийJA - 日本語TR - TürkçeAR - العربية
Sign In Start Free Trial

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

Behavior
Biochemistry
Bioengineering
Biology
Cancer Research
Chemistry
Developmental Biology
View All
JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

Biological Techniques
Biology
Cancer Research
Immunology
Neuroscience
Microbiology
JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduate courses

Analytical Chemistry
Anatomy and Physiology
Biology
Cell Biology
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
View All
JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

Advanced Biology
Basic Biology
Chemistry
View All
JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

Biology
Chemistry

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

Accounting
Finance
Macroeconomics
Marketing
Microeconomics

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Authors

Teaching Faculty

Librarians

K12 Schools

Products

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal

Peer reviewed scientific video journal

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Video encyclopedia of advanced research methods

JoVE Visualize

Visualizing science through experiment videos

EDUCATION

JoVE Core

Video textbooks for undergraduates

JoVE Science Education

Visual demonstrations of key scientific experiments

JoVE Lab Manual

Videos of experiments for undergraduate lab courses

BUSINESS

JoVE Business

Video textbooks for business education

OTHERS

JoVE Quiz

Interactive video based quizzes for formative assessments

Solutions

Authors
Teaching Faculty
Librarians
K12 Schools

Language

zh_CN

EN

English

CN

简体中文

DE

Deutsch

ES

Español

KR

한국어

IT

Italiano

FR

Français

PT

Português do Brasil

PL

Polski

HE

עִבְרִית

RU

Русский

JA

日本語

TR

Türkçe

AR

العربية

    Menu

    JoVE Journal

    Behavior

    Biochemistry

    Bioengineering

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Chemistry

    Developmental Biology

    Engineering

    Environment

    Genetics

    Immunology and Infection

    Medicine

    Neuroscience

    Menu

    JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

    Biological Techniques

    Biology

    Cancer Research

    Immunology

    Neuroscience

    Microbiology

    Menu

    JoVE Core

    Analytical Chemistry

    Anatomy and Physiology

    Biology

    Cell Biology

    Chemistry

    Civil Engineering

    Electrical Engineering

    Introduction to Psychology

    Mechanical Engineering

    Medical-Surgical Nursing

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Science Education

    Advanced Biology

    Basic Biology

    Chemistry

    Clinical Skills

    Engineering

    Environmental Sciences

    Physics

    Psychology

    View All

    Menu

    JoVE Lab Manual

    Biology

    Chemistry

    Menu

    JoVE Business

    Accounting

    Finance

    Macroeconomics

    Marketing

    Microeconomics

Start Free Trial
Loading...
Home
JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
具有单一取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法
具有单一取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法
JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Organic Chemistry
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

17.2: 具有单一取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法

9,376 Views
01:23 min
April 30, 2023
AI Banner

Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

苯是最简单的芳香烃或芳烃。 简单单取代苯衍生物的 IUPAC 名称是通过将取代基名称作为前缀添加到母体苯而得出的。 例如,卤代苯,其中卤素可以是氟 (F)、氯 (Cl)、溴 (Br) 和碘 (I)。

Figure1

芳香族化合物的命名还取决于苯环上连接的烷基的链长。 如果烷基链有六个或更少的碳,则该化合物被称为烷基取代的苯。 例如,丙苯,其中烷基具有三个碳。

Figure2

然而,如果烷基链具有超过六个碳或含有其他优先官能团,则该化合物被称为苯基取代的衍生物。 从苯获得的取代基称为苯基(Ph-),而从甲苯获得的取代基称为苄基(Bn-)。 例如,1-苯基庚烷,其中烷基链有七个碳,

Figure3

具有酮官能团的1-苯基-1-戊酮,

Figure4

二苯醚,其中关键官能团是醚,

Figure5

和由甲苯衍生的苄基溴。

Figure6

一般来说,由芳烃失去氢而衍生的取代基称为芳基。 一些简单的单取代苯衍生物已获得 IUPAC 命名法所接受的通用名称。 例如,乙烯基苯是苯乙烯,异丙苯是枯烯。 苯甲醛和苯甲酸是其他例子。

Figure7

Transcript

根据 IUPAC 命名法,单取代苯衍生物的命名方法是在取代基名称前加上母体苯。

IUPAC 还接受了简单单取代苯衍生物的通用名称。例如,甲苯用于甲苯,苯酚用于羟基苯。

苯及其烷基取代衍生物通常被称为芳烃。它们的命名取决于烷基的大小。

如果烷基具有六个或更少的碳,则芳烃称为烷基取代苯。

相反,当烷基具有六个以上的碳或由其他官能团组成时,苯环被视为取代基。芳烃被称为苯基取代化合物。

苯基名称,缩写为 Ph–,代表苯的 C6H5 基团作为取代基,例如 2-苯基庚烷。

同样,苄基,缩写为 Bn–,代表苯甲基基团作为取代基,例如在氯化苄中。

芳基,缩写为 Ar–,是从芳香环中去除氢原子后从芳烃衍生的芳烃衍生的取代基。

Explore More Videos

芳香族化合物 苯 单取代苯 IUPAC 命名法 烷基取代苯 苯取代衍生物 芳基 苯乙烯 异丙苯 苯甲醛 苯甲酸

Related Videos

芳香族化合物:概述

01:25

芳香族化合物:概述

Aromatic Compounds

12.6K 浏览

具有单个取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法

01:23

具有单个取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法

Aromatic Compounds

9.4K 浏览

具有多个取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法

01:11

具有多个取代基的芳香族化合物的命名法

Aromatic Compounds

9.4K 浏览

苯的结构:Kekulé 模型

01:07

苯的结构:Kekulé 模型

Aromatic Compounds

11.0K 浏览

苯的结构:分子轨道模型

01:18

苯的结构:分子轨道模型

Aromatic Compounds

11.0K 浏览

芳香性标准和 Hückel 4<em>n</em> + 2 规则

01:20

芳香性标准和 Hückel 4<em>n</em> + 2 规则

Aromatic Compounds

12.1K 浏览

π MO 的 Hückel 规则图:Frost Circle

01:08

π MO 的 Hückel 规则图:Frost Circle

Aromatic Compounds

5.2K 浏览

适用于不同共轭系统的 Frost Circle

01:18

适用于不同共轭系统的 Frost Circle

Aromatic Compounds

3.3K 浏览

芳烃阴离子:结构概述

01:18

芳烃阴离子:结构概述

Aromatic Compounds

3.3K 浏览

芳烃阳离子:结构概述

01:18

芳烃阳离子:结构概述

Aromatic Compounds

3.4K 浏览

五元杂环芳香族化合物:概述

01:13

五元杂环芳香族化合物:概述

Aromatic Compounds

4.8K 浏览

芳香族化合物的 NMR 波谱

01:14

芳香族化合物的 NMR 波谱

Aromatic Compounds

5.5K 浏览

JoVE logo
Contact Us Recommend to Library
Research
  • JoVE Journal
  • JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments
  • JoVE Visualize
Business
  • JoVE Business
Education
  • JoVE Core
  • JoVE Science Education
  • JoVE Lab Manual
  • JoVE Quizzes
Solutions
  • Authors
  • Teaching Faculty
  • Librarians
  • K12 Schools
About JoVE
  • Overview
  • Leadership
Others
  • JoVE Newsletters
  • JoVE Help Center
  • Blogs
  • Site Maps
Contact Us Recommend to Library
JoVE logo

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved

Privacy Terms of Use Policies
WeChat QR code