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Cell Biology
Ephrin-Eph 信号在肠干细胞更新中的作用
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Ephrin-Eph 信号在肠干细胞更新中的作用
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Cell Biology
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JoVE Core Cell Biology
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

39.5: Ephrin-Eph 信号在肠干细胞更新中的作用

2,754 Views
01:22 min
April 30, 2023
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

促红细胞生成素产生肝细胞癌受体(Eph)及其配体Eph受体相互作用蛋白(Ephrin)最初是在人类癌细胞系中发现的,因此得名。Ephrin-Eph 的相互作用引导细胞到达成体组织中的适当位置。它们还通过帮助免疫细胞迁移、粘附和激活在免疫系统中发挥重要作用。根据其结构和功能,Eph被分为两类——EphA和EphB。同样,Ephrin也被分为两种类型——EphrinA和EphrinB。 EphrinA 配体通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇 (GPI) 附着在质膜上,EphrinB 具有带细胞质尾部的跨膜结构域。当 Ephrin 与 Eph 结合时,双向信号传导被激活。Eph 细胞中的正向信号和 Ephrin 细胞中的反向信号。

随着肠道细胞不断自我更新,Ephrin-Eph 信号在正确分离细胞并维持肠道结构方面发挥着重要作用。Wnt 信号触发肠干细胞 (ISCs) 中的 EphB2 表达和潘氏细胞中的 EphB3 表达。EphB3 突变可导致潘氏细胞错位。在一项针对 EphB3 突变小鼠的研究中,潘氏细胞迁移到绒毛而不是隐窝底部。

EphB 是一种肿瘤抑制因子,失去这种受体会导致肠道肿瘤。在伤口修复过程中,受伤细胞中的 Eph 受体和 Ephrin 配体上调。由此产生的细胞信号传导导致细胞之间的粘附连接断裂,使它们能够迁移到伤口并帮助愈合过程。

Transcript

Ephrin-Eph 信号转导介导肠道细胞的正确分选。Ephrins 是一个膜结合配体家族,与邻近细胞上的酪氨酸激酶受体 Eph 家族结合。

在肠隐窝中,Wnt 信号转导诱导肠干细胞、ISC 和 Paneth 细胞中 EphB 受体的表达,并抑制 EphrinB 配体的表达。

随着 ISC 分化并向上移动,Wnt 信号转导减弱,导致 EphB 表达降低,EphrinB 产生增加。

这导致沿隐窝-绒毛轴形成 EphB-EphrinB 梯度。在隐窝-绒毛连接处,EphrinB 通过细胞间接触结合并激活附近细胞上表达的 EphB。

该信号通路刺激细胞粘附蛋白的降解,导致表达 EphB 和 Ephrin B 的细胞之间产生排斥反应。

这种排斥事件阻止了表达 EphB 的 ISC 和 Paneth 细胞迁移到绒毛,并将它们与表达肝配蛋白 B 的分化细胞分离。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Eph - A receptor playing a crucial role in cell location, immune system, and cell renewal activation.
  • Ephrin - Ligand for Eph receptor, initiating bidirectional signaling when attached.
  • EphA and EphB - Two categories of Eph based on structure and function.
  • EphrinA and EphrinB - Two types of Ephrin, differentiated by how they attach to plasma membrane.
  • Bidirectional Signaling - Activated when Eph and Ephrin bind, triggering signals in both cells.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Eph and Ephrin – Explain their interaction and function (e.g., ephrin eph).
  • Contrast EphA vs EphB – Explain key differences and similar roles for EphrinA and EphrinB.
  • Explore Examples – Describe role of Eph and Ephrin in cell activity (e.g., stem cell renew).
  • Explain Bidirectional Signaling – Details how it works when Ephrin binds to Eph.
  • Apply in Context – Outline the impact of Eph in cell placement and immune response.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is ephrin and how does it assist in cell renewal activation?
  • How are EphA and EphB different from each other?
  • What happens when Ephrin binds to Eph?

This video is also useful for

  • Students – Deepens understanding of Eph and Ephrin's roles in cellular processes.
  • Educators – Aids in teaching cell biology and immune system functioning.
  • Researchers – Relevant for studies on cell renewal and immune response?
  • Science Enthusiasts – Piques curiosity and interest in cell biology and medicine.

Explore More Videos

Ephrin-Eph 信号传导 肠道干细胞 Eph 受体 肝配蛋白配体 免疫细胞迁移 EphA EphB EphrinA EphrinB Wnt 信号传导 潘氏细胞 肿瘤抑制因子 肠道肿瘤 伤口修复 粘附连接

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