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Pharmacology
抗抑郁药:三环类抗抑郁药、SSRI 和 SNRI
抗抑郁药:三环类抗抑郁药、SSRI 和 SNRI
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JoVE Core Pharmacology
Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs

15.3: 抗抑郁药:三环类抗抑郁药、SSRI 和 SNRI

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01:28 min
December 19, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

三环类抗抑郁药 (TCA),包括地昔帕明 (Norpramin)、丙咪嗪 (Tofranil)、氯米帕明 (Anafranil) 和阿米替林 (Elavil),可抑制血清素和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取,并阻断其他受体。它们用于治疗抑郁症、疼痛和失眠症。常见的不良反应包括抗胆碱能作用、镇静、直立性低血压和体重增加。它们的治疗窗口狭窄,因此需要监测血浆水平。突然停药会导致胆碱能反弹和流感样症状。可能与单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOIs)发生药物相互作用。

选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂 (SSRI),例如氟西汀 (Prozac) 和帕罗西汀 (Zoloft),主要抑制血清素再摄取,用于治疗抑郁症、强迫症、焦虑和恐慌症以及神经性贪食症。常见的不良反应包括头痛、出汗、胃肠道反应和性功能障碍。它们可能是镇静剂,也可能是激活剂,具体取决于特定药物。由于抑郁症和自杀想法可能会加剧,建议在儿童和青少年中使用 SSRI 时要谨慎。

血清素-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂 (SNRI),包括文拉法辛 (Effexor) 瑞波西汀 (Edronax) 和度洛西汀 (Cymbalta),可抑制血清素和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取。它们用于治疗抑郁症、焦虑症、疼痛综合征和纤维肌痛。不良反应包括恶心、头痛、性功能障碍、头晕、失眠、镇静和便秘。突然停用可能会引起停药综合征。

Transcript

三环类抗抑郁药 (TCA) 是第一代抗抑郁药。

它们阻断血清素和去甲肾上腺素再摄取转运蛋白,同时抑制毒蕈碱、α-肾上腺素能和组胺 H1 受体。

TCA 不是一线抗抑郁药,因为它们具有非选择性和较大的副作用,尽管它们有助于缓解疼痛综合征和失眠。

5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂 (SNRI) 也抑制 5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取。

这些药物可引起去甲肾上腺素能刺激相关的不良反应,例如高血压、心动过速、失眠、焦虑和激越。

选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂 (SSRIs) 主要阻断 5-羟色胺再摄取,而不会显著影响去甲肾上腺素。

SSRI 主要用于治疗强迫症、恐慌和社交焦虑症。

但是,它们会引起头痛、出汗、胃肠道影响和性功能障碍等副作用。与其他血清素能药物联合使用,SSRI 可能会引起罕见的副作用,如血清素综合征和癫痫发作。

年轻患者应谨慎使用它们,因为它们可能会加重抑郁症并诱发自杀倾向。

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