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Pharmacology
治疗消化性溃疡的抑酸药:抗酸药
治疗消化性溃疡的抑酸药:抗酸药
JoVE Core
Pharmacology
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JoVE Core Pharmacology
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids

21.5: 治疗消化性溃疡的抑酸药:抗酸药

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01:31 min
December 19, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

在胃腔的复杂环境中,过多的酸分泌会导致脆弱的粘膜层内溃疡的形成或恶化。抗酸药,如碳酸氢钠和碳酸钙,通过中和这种酸,将其转化为无害的盐和水来缓解症状。这种中和过程将胃液 pH 值从高酸性水平 1 提高到更碱性的 3-4,从而降低胃内的酸度。

然而,抗酸药和胃酸之间的这种中和反应会产生二氧化碳 (CO_2)。CO_2 的积累会导致胃胀和打嗝,引起不适。此外,过量服用抗酸药会导致未反应的碱被吸收。这种吸收会提高血液的碱度,导致一种称为代谢性碱中毒的疾病。

镁铝酸盐是一种羟基镁铝酸盐复合物,可用于解决这些副作用。在胃的酸性环境中,镁铝酸盐会转化为不易吸收的氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝。这种转化会产生持续的抗酸作用,减轻因过量二氧化碳产生而引起的不适。

值得注意的是,抗酸药的功效取决于几个因素,包括其溶解速度、水溶性、与胃酸的反应速度以及胃排空率。有趣的是,空腹时抗酸药的清除速度更快。然而,与食物一起服用时,其作用时间会延长,从而为胃部不适提供更持久的缓解。

抗酸药在中和胃酸和避免不良副作用之间的微妙平衡中起着关键作用。

Transcript

在胃腔中,酸分泌增加可形成或加剧粘膜层溃疡。

碳酸盐抗酸剂,如碳酸氢钠和碳酸钙,可以中和这种酸,形成盐和水。这会将胃 pH 值从 1 提高到 5 并降低胃内酸度。

然而,这些抗酸剂与胃酸的反应也会产生 CO2,CO2 在积累时会导致胃胀和嗳气。

此外,过量剂量的这些抗酸剂会导致未反应的碱的吸收,提高血液的碱度并导致代谢性碱中毒。

此外,钠负荷会增加高血压患者的体液潴留,而钙会触发酸分泌反弹。

为了减轻副作用,使用了羟基镁铝酸盐复合物 magaldrate。

在胃酸中,它会转化为吸收不良的氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝,从而产生持续的抗酸作用。

抗酸剂的效率取决于溶解速率、水溶性、与酸的反应速度和胃排空速率。

它们在空腹时清除得更快,但当与食物一起服用时,它们的作用持续时间会延长。

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