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JoVE Core
Medical-Surgical Nursing
腹部评估 III:触诊
腹部评估 III:触诊
JoVE Core
Medical-Surgical Nursing
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JoVE Core Medical-Surgical Nursing
Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation

8.10: 腹部评估 III:触诊

3,736 Views
01:23 min
January 17, 2025
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

触诊是评估腹部器官和检测压痛、膨胀、肿块或液体等状况的重要触觉检查方法。它涉及浅触诊技术和深触诊技术,每种技术都有特定的诊断目的。浅触诊有助于识别压痛和其他表面指标,而深触诊则定位和评估腹部肿块和器官边界。熟练的专业人员可以通过触诊收集有价值的见解,包括评估肝脏和脾脏、识别异常情况以及识别可能需要进一步评估的潜在炎症或肿大迹象。

触诊

触诊是一种触觉检查方法,用于评估腹部器官并检测压痛、肿胀、肿块或液体。首先进行轻触诊,有助于检测压痛、皮肤过敏、肌肉阻力和肿胀。然而,深层触诊用于检测腹部器官并检测肿块。

对于深层触诊,手指的掌面更深地压入腹部的所有象限,注意任何肿块的位置、大小和形状,以及是否存在压痛。双手法是深部腹部触诊的另一种方法,将一只手放在另一只手上,对下面那只手的手指施加压力,以触诊器官和肿块。

回弹压痛,表现为触诊手指撤回时出现疼痛,提示腹膜炎症,应由经验丰富的医生进行评估,因为这可能会引起疼痛和严重的肌肉痉挛。

在触诊时,通常会评估肝脏和脾脏。对于肝脏,需托住患者的右侧第十一和第十二肋骨,同时右手向内并向上按压患者的右腹部。吸气时肝脏边缘应感觉质地坚硬、边界清晰且表面光滑。任何与此不同的情况都可能表明存在问题。

为了触诊脾脏,需托住患者的左下肋骨并施加向前的压力,同时使用位于左肋缘下方的左手向脾脏施加向内的压力。正常的脾脏通常是摸不到的;但如果脾脏脾脏肿大则可以被摸出来。

Transcript

检查腹部包括触诊,这是一种评估腹部器官压痛、腹胀、肿块或液体的技术。

触诊是通过使用轻触和深触将手指的手掌表面用力压入所有腹部象限来进行的。

轻触诊有助于检测压痛、超敏反应、抵抗和肿胀,而深部触诊可识别腹部器官和肿块。

另一种方法是双手方法,其中一只手对下手的手指施加压力以进行器官和质量检测。

要触诊肝脏,请托住患者的右下肋骨,同时用右手向上按压右腹部。

吸气时肝脏边缘应感觉坚固、尖锐和光滑。

触诊脾脏时,托住患者的左下肋骨并向前施加压力,同时用左手在左肋缘下方向脾施加向内的压力。

正常的脾脏通常无法触及,但如果肿大,可以感觉到。

最后,反跳痛(由触诊手指撤回时疼痛表明)提示腹膜炎症。

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