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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
胃肠系统的生理学始于食物进入口腔时的摄入。
了解这些步骤至关重要,因为它们为胃肠道的进一步消化和营养吸收奠定了基础。
胃肠道系统的生理学从食物进入口腔时的摄入开始。
机械消化从咀嚼开始,涉及上下颌。
唾液腺,包括腮腺、下颌下腺和舌下腺,释放含唾液的酶,如唾液淀粉酶。
这些酶开始分解碳水化合物并润湿食物,形成更容易吞咽的团块。
在吞咽过程中,舌头将团块推向咽部,触发不自主的反射,关闭鼻咽和气管,将团块引导到食道中。
口咽部的受体激活吞咽反射,抬高软腭以密封鼻咽部,并用会厌阻塞气管以防止食物进入呼吸道。
一旦进入食道,蠕动(涉及食管肌肉的协调节律性收缩)将团块向下移动到胃部。
食管上括约肌允许食物进入食道,而下括约肌调节进入胃并防止反流。
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