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Medicine
腹腔镜-内镜合作手术治疗胃肠道间质瘤

Research Article

腹腔镜-内镜合作手术治疗胃肠道间质瘤

DOI: 10.3791/63280

February 19, 2022

Dongjie Yang*1,2, Xun Hou*1, Wentong Lan*3, Minxuan Shen1, Shaohua Yang4, Lele Zhang1, Qinbo Cai1, Yan Qian1, Yuan Lin5, Xia Feng6, Yulong He1,2,4

1Center for Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University, 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, 3Department of Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University, 4Digestive Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University, 5Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University, 6Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University

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In This Article

Summary Abstract Introduction Protocol Representative Results Discussion Disclosures Acknowledgements Materials References Reprints and Permissions

Erratum Notice

Important: There has been an erratum issued for this article. View Erratum Notice

Retraction Notice

The article Assisted Selection of Biomarkers by Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) in Microbiome Data (10.3791/61715) has been retracted by the journal upon the authors' request due to a conflict regarding the data and methodology. View Retraction Notice

Summary

腹腔镜-内镜合作手术适用于治疗胃肠间质瘤大小小于5cm的胃肠道间质肿瘤。它可以实现内窥镜和腹腔镜手术的各自优点,同时避免其缺点。

Abstract

鉴于单独内镜或腹腔镜手术在治疗胃胃肠间质瘤(G-GIST)方面的缺点,这种方法在治疗小于5厘米的G-GST方面做出了创新改进。腹腔镜-内窥镜合作手术(LECS)用于结合内窥镜和腹腔镜手术,充分实现各自的优势并避免其弊端。主要步骤如下。首先,胃镜检查和腹腔镜检查相结合以确认肿瘤的位置和边界。肿瘤切除术在胃镜引导下通过腹腔镜进行。口服标本,腹腔镜闭合胃伤口。然后,将胃镜检查和腹腔镜检查相结合,以确定是否有伤口出血,缝合线是否令人满意,胃腔是否变形。

LECS在治疗小于5厘米的G-GIST方面具有天然优势。对肿瘤位置和边界的准确估计大大提高了肿瘤的完全切除率。肿瘤破裂的风险大大降低,患者的长期预后显著改善。该过程可以精确切除肿瘤,最大限度地保留正常的胃组织和器官功能,并避免术后胃变形。患者术后康复大大加快,手术当天可以恢复口喂。通过口腔取出标本,以避免需要延长腹部切口。这大大减少了患者的术后疼痛和疤痕。该方法大大缩短了术后住院时间(即手术后第二天可以出院),增加了医院病床的周转率。

Introduction

胃肠道间质瘤 (GST) 是胃肠道中最常见的上皮下病变1。内窥镜或腹腔镜手术是治疗胃肠道间质瘤(G-GIST)的常见手术方法,其大小小于5厘米2,3,4。然而,单独进行内镜手术有一些缺点,如肿瘤定位和边界判断不准确,肿瘤破裂,伤口闭合质量低,出血。因此,根据指南,目前不建议单独进行内镜手术作为治疗G-GIST的手术方法5,6。在实际临床工作中,仅通过内窥镜手术治疗G-GIST也存在争议。与内窥镜手术相比,腹腔镜手术具有更清晰的视野、更充分的曝光和更大的切除范围等优点7,8。然而,单独腹腔镜手术在判断肿瘤位置(对于内源性肿瘤)和对肿瘤边界的判断方面也存在困难,导致肿瘤破裂,特别是当肿瘤位于胃后壁的较小曲率或贲骨附近时。此外,如果肿瘤边界判断不正确,切除范围会过大,导致胃变形。

鉴于分别进行内窥镜和腹腔镜手术的缺点,我们开发了一种创新的,改进的方法来治疗小于5厘米的G-GIST。腹腔镜 - 内窥镜合作手术(LECS)用于有机地结合内窥镜和腹腔镜手术技术,充分利用各自的优势,同时避免各自的缺点。该方法的目标包括减少创伤,保持胃功能,促进术后康复,改善术后生活质量,同时仍然安全准确地去除小于5厘米大小的G-GIST。

Protocol

本研究经中山大学第一附属医院(中国广州市)研究伦理委员会(机构评审委员会)(第2022085号)和中山大学第七附属医院(中国深圳)(中国深圳)批准。KY-2022-006-01)。

1. 术前准备

  1. 让患者在术前禁食3小时以补液,6小时禁食以进食固体食物。
  2. 通过气管插管进行全身麻醉。
  3. 术前30分钟给予第二代头孢菌素预防性抗生素。

2. 胃镜探索

  1. 给予全身麻醉后,对CO2 充气患者进行胃镜检查。
  2. 接下来,抽吸残余的胃液,并确认肿瘤的位置。
  3. 探索后,完全吸出胃中的CO2 和液体以及食道和喉咙中的液体和粘液。
    注意:在这家医院,胃肠道外科医生进行胃镜检查。

3. 腹腔镜探索

  1. 将患者置于仰卧位,双腿张开。让外科医生站在左边,助手站在右边,把相机支架放在病人的两腿之间。
  2. 使用四穿刺方法,两个10 mm和两个5 mm穿刺器,并施加10至12 mmHg的CO2 压力。
  3. 首先,如有必要,在胃镜检查的帮助下确认胃中肿瘤的位置和边界。然后,进行广泛的腹腔内探查以排除任何其他病变。

4. 腹腔镜肿瘤切除术引导胃镜检查

  1. 解剖肿块周围的网膜组织。确保解剖平面正好在肌肉上方,以避免迷走神经躯干损伤。
  2. 用5 mm的视觉负边缘 整体 切除肿块。
  3. 切除后,通过胃壁缺损将标本放入胃腔中。
    注意:在切除术之前,建议在距离肿瘤边缘约5mm处做一个4-0可吸收的血清肌缝合线,以促进切除过程中的回缩。

5.腹腔镜闭合胃壁缺损

  1. 首先,使用可吸收的3-0 V锁缝合线进行全厚度的运行缝合,以闭合胃壁中的缺陷。
  2. 然后,使用相同的3-0 V锁缝合线进行血清肌肉运行缝合,以加强闭合。

6. 胃部伤口检查

  1. 腹腔镜闭合后,使用腹腔镜和胃镜的组合进行泄漏测试。
  2. 腹腔镜检查用水冲洗后是否有任何气泡从伤口中流出。
  3. 检查是否有伤口出血,缝合线是否满意,胃镜检查是否使胃腔变形。

7. 口服标本采集

  1. 使用内窥镜篮通过口腔将标本拉出。
    注意:如果肿瘤大小超过3厘米,则可能需要暂时放气插管囊。

8. 标本管理

  1. 手术后,目视检查试样以确认边缘状态。
  2. 然后,将标本浸入中性10%福尔马林溶液中。
    注意:如果肿瘤大小超过2厘米,则每1厘米切一次肿瘤,以确保完全固定。

Representative Results

从2017年到2020年,10名G-GST患者接受了LECS(表1)。每个GIST诊断都通过病理学检查得到确认。没有一个被转换为开放手术。平均年龄为49岁。平均肿瘤大小为2.7厘米。肿瘤位置:前壁7个,后壁2个,曲率较小1个。平均手术时间为112 min,术中平均失血量为8 mL。所有患者术后2 h恢复口服液消耗,术后平均住院时间为73 h。所有病例均有阴性肿瘤边缘,围手术期无并发症。每位患者都接受了定期随访,包括胃镜检查。没有胃畸形(图1)或复发。

Figure 1
图1:手术后三个月视频中演示的同一患者的胃镜检查。 (A)绿色箭头表示伤口愈合。(二)胃腔无畸形。 请点击此处查看此图的放大版本。

箱 性 年龄(岁) 肿瘤大小(厘米) 操作持续时间(分钟) 失血量(毫升) 术后住院(h)
1 F 46 2 80 5 46
2 F 33 2.5 80 5 67
3 F 71 1.5 105 2 42
4 F 47 2.5 130 10 70
5 M 35 4 185 20 134
6 F 42 4 190 10 69
7 M 63 4.5 135 20 69
8 F 57 2.2 88 5 68
9 M 51 1.8 65 5 93
10 M 46 2.1 63 5 74
平均 49 2.7 112 8 73

表1:10例临床参数。

Discussion

作者没有什么可透露的。

Disclosures

腹腔镜-内镜合作手术适用于治疗胃肠间质瘤大小小于5cm的胃肠道间质肿瘤。它可以实现内窥镜和腹腔镜手术的各自优点,同时避免其缺点。

Acknowledgements

本研究由国家自然科学基金(编号:82172637)、中国医学科学院非营利性中央研究所基金(编号:2021-JKCS-004)和广东省消化系统癌症研究重点实验室(编号:2021B1212040006)资助。

Materials

市 斯美敦力
Eneoscopic 设施
摄像机控制单元Olympus,东京,日本CV-290
一次性抓钳带网常州久宏医疗器械,中国常州JHY-FG-25-230-C1-5
电子胃镜Olympus,日本东京GIF-HQ290
液晶显示器奥林巴斯,东京,日本OEV262H
氙气光源奥林巴斯,东京,日本 CLV-290<
strong>腹腔镜设备
摄像机控制单元奥林巴斯,东京,日本OTV-S400
摄像机头奥林巴斯,东京,日本CH-S400-XZ-EB
谐波 ACE+7强生 &美国新不伦瑞克省约翰逊HARH36
液晶显示器日本东京奥林巴斯LMD-X550S/LMD-X310S
超声手术和手术电外科发生器Johnson &美国新不伦瑞克省约翰逊GEN11CN
日本东京 ULTRA 望远镜奥林巴斯WA4KL130
美国明尼阿波利V-Loc 缝合3-0。
氙气光源Olympus, Tokyo, JapanCLV-S400

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