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使用钙成像技术可视化神经元 - 神经胶质细胞回路上的位移
使用钙成像技术可视化神经元 - 神经胶质细胞回路上的位移
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Visualizing Shifts on Neuron-Glia Circuit with the Calcium Imaging Technique

使用钙成像技术可视化神经元 - 神经胶质细胞回路上的位移

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5,021 Views
11:41 min
April 8, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/63338-v

Matheus H. Tempone1, Hercules R. Freitas2, Clarissa S. Schitine3, Ricardo A. de Melo Reis1

1Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 3Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Life Sciences,Universidade Federal da Bahia

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study focuses on cell calcium imaging as a method to monitor cytosolic calcium concentration changes in live cells. Using a chicken retina culture, the work differentiates responses of neurons and glial cells to potassium chloride and ATP stimuli, highlighting the involvement of calcium dynamics in signaling processes.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Imaging Techniques

Background

  • Calcium is a crucial second messenger in various cellular processes.
  • High selective fluorescent calcium dyes enable advanced imaging techniques.
  • The response of different cell types to specific stimuli can provide insight into their functional roles.
  • This procedure allows for the investigation of neuronal and glial signaling in cultured cells.

Purpose of Study

  • To monitor changes in cytosolic calcium concentrations in live cells.
  • To differentiate the calcium responses of neurons and glia based on specific stimuli.
  • To elucidate the functional roles of these cell types in calcium signaling.

Methods Used

  • The platform used is a cell culture of chicken retina cells.
  • This study primarily focuses on enriched neuron cultures and glial cells.
  • The method involves the use of Fura-2 AM for calcium imaging.
  • Cells are treated with potassium chloride and ATP to measure intracellular calcium shifts.
  • Data is analyzed using Metafluor software and presented in Excel tables.

Main Results

  • The findings reveal distinct calcium responses in neurons when stimulated with potassium chloride.
  • Glial cells primarily respond to ATP stimuli, underscoring their role in calcium signaling.
  • The study provides insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of calcium signaling in mixed cultures.
  • Results indicate that the method effectively differentiates cellular responses based on treatment.

Conclusions

  • This study demonstrates the efficacy of calcium imaging in understanding cell-specific responses.
  • The methodology enables detailed tracking of calcium dynamics, enhancing understanding of neuronal mechanisms.
  • These insights can inform future research on plasticity and cellular communication in the nervous system.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using chicken retina cells?
Chicken retina cells are accessible for dissection and provide a well-defined model for studying neuronal and glial interactions in a controlled environment.
How are neuronal and glial responses differentiated?
Responses are differentiated based on their distinct reaction to potassium chloride and ATP, enabling specific insights into calcium dynamics in each cell type.
What types of data are obtained from calcium imaging?
Calcium imaging provides quantifiable data on intracellular calcium concentration changes, allowing analysis of cell excitability and signaling mechanisms.
Can this method be adapted for other cell types?
Yes, the procedure can be adapted to other neuronal or glial cultures based on the specific calcium imaging needs and targeted stimuli.
What are some key considerations when performing this procedure?
It is essential to maintain sterile conditions, accurately prepare reagents, and carefully monitor incubation times to ensure reliable results.

细胞钙成像是一种多功能方法,用于研究单个细胞的动态信号传导,在培养物中的混合群体上,甚至在觉醒的动物上,基于钙渗透通道/受体的表达,提供独特的功能特征。

该程序的总体目标是监测活细胞中胞质钙浓度的变化,以区分基于氯化钾或ATP刺激的神经元或神经胶质细胞反应。钙是参与几个细胞过程的重要第二信使,包括神经传递,可塑性和细胞凋亡。高选择性荧光钙染料(如Fura-2 AM)的出现与更好的荧光显微镜和计算方法的发展有关,产生了具有高度空间和时间分辨率的高分辨率光学数据,以对活细胞和生物体上的钙信号传导进行成像。

该协议适用于富集神经元、纯化的神经胶质细胞或混合群体培养物。它根据对氯化钾和ATP的差异反应来跟踪哪些细胞类型对确定刺激有反应。氯化钾改变细胞的膜电位。

这打开了电压门控钙通道,主要由神经元表达。另一方面,ATP激活P2X7大部分通道,主要存在于神经胶质细胞中。通过将氯化钾和ATP刺激与其他药物耦合,可以根据细胞内钙浓度的增加来查看神经系统的哪个区室对它们有反应。

对于这个程序,你需要一些手术器械或镊子。使用生物安全柜并执行最佳实践以避免污染。要开始鸡视网膜培养,小心地打开底部受精卵,即空气细胞所在的位置。

将内容物取出培养皿,然后用一对镊子斩首进行胚胎捐赠。取下头部后,将其放入干净的培养皿中,并向其添加一些不含钙和镁的溶液。接下来,去除眼睛,注意不要在此过程中损坏它们。

将眼睛带到另一个含有CMF溶液的培养皿。用一把镊子,通过取下晶状体开始解剖眼睛。然后,从晶状体留下的孔开始,在眼睛上做三到四个纵向切口。

小心取出透明的玻璃体。确保视网膜没有与其结合。接下来,轻轻地将视网膜从色素上皮上分离出来。

切除任何剩余的上皮组织。当视网膜完全透明时,将其切成小块。在自动移液器的帮助下取出所有视网膜组织。

短暂离心视网膜以除去所有CMF。加入 1 mL 0.25% 胰蛋白酶。并将组织在37°C下孵育10分钟。

通过加入1mL含有10%胎儿小牛血清的培养基来停止胰蛋白酶反应。离心视网膜以除去所有胰蛋白酶。用含有10%FCS的培养基洗涤细胞两到三次。

接下来,每个视网膜加入2 mL培养基,并轻轻机械地将其解离。稀释细胞,以便用血细胞计数器正确计数。使用用聚-L-赖氨酸和层粘连蛋白保护的15毫米盖玻片,以帮助细胞粘附。

在每个盖玻片上移取50L稀释的细胞。将细胞在37°C下在5%CO2气氛中孵育。并冷却它们以连接玻璃杯。

这应该需要大约一到两个小时。加入1mL培养基并将其返回培养箱,直到实验当天。如果需要,每两到三天更换一半的培养基。

用50升DMSO重建50克Fura-2 AM小瓶。克雷布斯溶液是在实验过程中转移细胞的不错选择,因为它不会干扰荧光测量。在开始之前,将溶液预热至37。

加入泊洛沙姆407。添加 Fura-2 AM 和 DMSO。在水浴中超声处理七分钟。

准备一个6孔板,将克雷布斯溶液加入三个孔中,并将工作的Fura-2溶液放在另一个孔上。在添加到Fura-2孔之前,将含有细胞的盖玻片清洗三次。将细胞在37 C和5%CO 2气氛中在黑暗的培养箱中孵育30分钟。

孵育后,再次洗涤三次。将其转移到另一个包含克雷布斯的收件人,并保护它免受光线照射。可以重复使用制备的Fura-2与细胞一起孵育更多的盖玻片。

在每次运行之前,将硅添加到盖玻片支撑和腔室中,以避免溶液泄漏。从克雷布斯溶液中取出盖玻片,并用蒸馏水仔细清洗底部,以避免在显微镜镜片上盐结晶。将盖玻片放在支撑上,小心地按压边框。

将盖玻片支架和腔室连接到显微镜,然后开始用克雷布斯溶液灌注细胞。选择适当的单元格并选择一个好的字段。通过根据其独特的形态选择细胞体来手动确定感兴趣的区域。

通过量化在340和380 nm处交替激发后在510nm处发射的荧光的比率来评估钙浓度的变化。加入氯化钾后,可以看到许多细胞发光,荧光反应在图表上升高。氯化钾打开电压门控钙通道,主要存在于神经元中。

图表上的每条线都表示唯一的感兴趣区域。因此,可以在实验过程中跟踪单个细胞的反应。ATP刺激打开P2X7受体,主要由神经胶质细胞表达。

这是一种丰富的神经元培养物。因此,这里的神经胶质细胞很少。这就是为什么如此少的细胞对ATP刺激做出反应的原因。

使用Metafluor软件处理获得的值。实验结果在 Excel 表中表示,其中每行表示一个单独的单元格,每行表示一个时间点。使用Excel软件,可以单独绘制单个细胞的钙变异,或者在同一图形上绘制所有细胞的钙变异。

为了量化任何刺激的反应细胞的数量,设置30%的临界值,增加钙基线水平。在这里,我们使用胚胎第8天雏鸡培养的视网膜细胞来研究在接受50毫米氯化钾和1毫米ATP刺激后神经元和神经胶质细胞如何发出钙位移信号。在每个实验中,大约100个细胞很容易被分析。

图A表示含有神经元和神经胶质细胞的混合培养物,维持了一周。当我们量化反应时,可以看到大约一半的分析细胞回答氯化钾,另一半对ATP有反应。图B是指神经元富集培养物。

它只孵育了三天,因此,大多数神经胶质细胞尚未分化。在这种情况下,89%的细胞回答氯化钾,增强了神经元的患病率。图C显示了纯化的神经胶质细胞培养物。

这些细胞维持10天,每三天更换一次培养基。在那之后,大多数神经元死亡,只留下神经胶质细胞。事实上,这种文化完全是由ATP激活的。

由于钙作为第二信使的普遍特性,这种方法已被广泛使用。通过在钙成像后对固定细胞进行免疫化学补充该方法,可以增强表型分析。该协议也可以适用于表达其他钙通道的其他混合细胞系统。

重要的提示是找到与其表型表达相关的不同类型细胞的选择性反应。

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