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Chapter 6

Principles of Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass …
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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge …
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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an …
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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the …
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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record …
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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of …
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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a …
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Given a known molecular ion mass, the unknown compound can be identified. The empirical formula is determined from the molecular ion mass and the isotope …
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Common mass analyzers include magnetic sector, double-focusing, quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap analyzers. The capability of any mass analyzer …
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four parallel rods, across which are applied a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. Here, the field …
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The analysis of complex mixtures requires the combination of separation methods and mass spectrometry in sequence, termed hyphenated methods. GC–MS …
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Tandem mass spectrometry, or MS/MS, combines two mass analyzers in sequence, connected by a collision or interaction cell. First, the samples are ionized …
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, or ICP–MS, uses an ICP source to prepare samples for atomic mass spectrometry. Solution-state …
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Despite the advantages offered by ICP–MS, accurate elemental analysis is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. …
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Studying the structure and the dynamics of kinetochores and centromeres is important in understanding chromosomal instability (CIN) and cancer …
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Resolving conformational heterogeneity of multiple protein states that coexist in solution remains one of the main obstacles in the characterization of …
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Most cellular processes are regulated by dynamic protein phosphorylation. More than three-quarters of proteins are phosphorylated, and phosphoprotein …