Chapter 21
Endokrines System
Chapter 21
Endocrine System
The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. …
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors …
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across …
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a …
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. …
Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the …
Glucocorticoid stress hormones and their artificial derivatives are widely used drugs to treat inflammation, but long-term treatment with glucocorticoids …
Honeybee workers are engaged in various tasks related to maintaining colony activity. The tasks of the workers change according to their age (age-related …
Bis-phenols, such as bis-phenol A (BPA) and bis-phenol-S (BPS), are polymerizing agents widely used in the production of plastics and numerous everyday …
The hormone cortisol is typically assessed in saliva, serum, or urine samples. More recently, cortisol has been successfully extracted from hair, …