Fourth Military Medical University View Institution's Website 5 articles published in JoVE Biology Isolation and Analysis of Traceable and Functionalized Extracellular Vesicles from the Plasma and Solid Tissues Yuan Cao*1,2, Ji-Yu Qiu*1,3, Da Chen1,2, Chen-Yao Li1,4, Shu-Juan Xing1,5, Chen-Xi Zheng1, Xin Liu2, Yan Jin1,6, Bing-Dong Sui1 1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 2Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 3Department of VIP Dental Care, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 4School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 5College of Life Science, Northwest University, 6 The present protocol describes a method to extract extracellular vesicles from the peripheral blood and solid tissues with subsequent profiling of surface antigens and protein cargos. Biology Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Shu-Juan Xing1,2, Kai-Chao Zhang2,3, Si-Yuan Tang2,4, Lu Liu2,5, Yuan Cao2,5, Chen-Xi Zheng2, Bing-Dong Sui2, Yan Jin2,3 1College of Life Science, Northwest University, 2State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 3 The present protocol describes the differential centrifugation for isolating and characterizing representative EVs (exosomes and microvesicles) from cultured human MSCs. Further applications of these EVs are also explained in this article. Immunology and Infection Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226 Yang Xie*1, Yuan Zhang*2, Yitian Liu3, Yuling Wang4, Kun Cheng4, Ran Zhuang4, Ka Bian1 1Otolaryngological Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 2Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 3Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 4Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), implicated in type 2 inflammation, mainly participate in response to helminth infection, allergic diseases, metabolic homeostasis, and tissue repair. In this study, a procedure to isolate ILC2s from murine nasal mucosa and detect the expression of CD226 is demonstrated. Neuroscience Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure Honghui Mao*1,2, Xiuchao Wang*1,3, Wen Chen4, FengYu Liu5, You Wan5, Sanjue Hu1, Junling Xing1,6 1Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 2Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, ShanXi Medical University, 3Department of Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, 4Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, 5Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, 6Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Single-fiber recording is an effective electrophysiological technique that is applicable to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Along with the preparation of intact DRG with the attached sciatic nerve, the mechanism of conduction failure is examined. Both protocols improve the understanding of the peripheral nervous system's relationship with pain. Neuroscience Study Glial Cell Heterogeneity Influence on Axon Growth Using a New Coculture Method Han-peng Xu1,2, Lin Gou3,4, Hong-Wei Dong3 1Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, UCLA, 2Basic Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical University, 3Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 4Aerospace Medicine School, Fourth Military Medical Univeristy In this protocol, we described a new method to study the influence of glial cell heterogeneity on axon growth with an in vitro co-culture system. Rat cortical glial cells were cultured to confluence and cocultured with highly purified rat dorsal root ganglia neurons. Different glial cell influence on neurons adhesion and axon growth was compared directly in the same culture. This method provides a new way to directly study the glial cell heterogeneity influence on neuron adhesion and axon growth.
