Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Patrick B. Thomas; Mahasha P. J. Perera; Saeid Alinezhad; Andre Joshi; Paria Saadat; Clarissa Nicholls; Caitlin P. Devonport; Alivia R. Calabrese; Abby R. Templeton; Jack R. Wood; Nathan J. Mackenzie; Penny L. Jeffery; Ian Vela; Elizabeth D. Williams

doi:10.3791/63192

Cultivo de organoides del cáncer de vejiga como herramientas de medicina de precisión

JoVE Journal
Cancer Research

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JoVE Journal Cancer Research

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Cultivo de organoides del cáncer de vejiga como herramientas de medicina de precisión

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08:39 min

December 28, 2021

DOI: 10.3791/63192-v

Patrick B. Thomas^1,2,3,4, Mahasha P. J. Perera^1,2,3,4,5, Saeid Alinezhad^1,4, Andre Joshi^1,4,5, Paria Saadat^1,2, Clarissa Nicholls^1,2, Caitlin P. Devonport^1,2,4, Alivia R. Calabrese^1,2,3,4, Abby R. Templeton^1,2,3, Jack R. Wood^1,2, Nathan J. Mackenzie^1,2, Penny L. Jeffery^1,2,3,4, Ian Vela*^1,2,3,4,5, Elizabeth D. Williams*^1,2,3,4

¹School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health,Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, ²Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), ³Centre for Personalised Analysis of Cancers (CPAC), ⁴Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, ⁵Department of Urology,Princess Alexandra Hospital

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Overview

This article presents a protocol for generating patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from human primary bladder cancer. PDOs are valuable for studying the genetic and phenotypic diversity of cancer and for evaluating personalized treatment responses.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

Translational cancer research
Urological cancers
Precision medicine

Background

Patient-derived organoids mimic the heterogeneity of urological cancers.
They can be rapidly expanded from limited biopsy material.
PDOs serve as models for understanding cancer biology.
They help predict treatment responses in individual patients.

Purpose of Study

To provide a consolidated protocol for generating bladder cancer PDOs.
To facilitate phenotypic analyses and drug response evaluations.
To enhance understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of urological cancers.

Methods Used

Collection of fresh tumor specimens from surgery.
Transport of samples in sterile conditions.
Replacement of transport medium with basal media.
Allowing tumor tissue to settle for further processing.

Main Results

Successful generation of PDOs that reflect patient tumor characteristics.
PDOs can be used for drug response testing.
Facilitates personalized treatment strategies.
Enhances understanding of tumor biology.

Conclusions

PDOs are a robust model for studying bladder cancer.
They offer insights into treatment responses and cancer mechanisms.
This protocol can be applied to other urological cancers.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are patient-derived organoids?

Patient-derived organoids are 3D cell cultures derived from patient tumor samples that mimic the original tumor's characteristics.

How are organoids generated from tumor samples?

Organoids are generated by isolating tumor cells from biopsy material and culturing them in specific media.

What is the significance of using PDOs in cancer research?

PDOs allow researchers to study the heterogeneity of tumors and predict individual responses to therapies.

Can PDOs be used for drug testing?

Yes, PDOs can be used to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments on patient-specific cancer models.

What types of cancers can PDOs be derived from?

PDOs can be derived from various types of cancers, including bladder and other urological cancers.

How do PDOs contribute to precision medicine?

PDOs help tailor treatments based on the unique characteristics of a patient's tumor, improving treatment outcomes.

Los organoides derivados del paciente (DOP) son una herramienta poderosa en la investigación traslacional del cáncer, que refleja tanto la heterogeneidad genética y fenotípica de la enfermedad como la respuesta a las terapias personalizadas contra el cáncer. Aquí, se detalla un protocolo consolidado para generar DOP de cáncer de vejiga primario humano en preparación para la evaluación de análisis fenotípicos y respuestas a medicamentos.

Este método es significativo porque los organoides derivados del paciente proporcionan una herramienta rápida y poderosa para estudiar los cánceres urológicos, ya que con frecuencia imitan la heterogeneidad genética y fenotípica de esta enfermedad multiespectro. Los organoides se pueden aislar de una cantidad limitada de material de biopsia del paciente y se pueden expandir rápidamente para el análisis posterior. Los organoides generados utilizando este protocolo se pueden utilizar tanto como modelos para ayudarnos a comprender las bases celulares y moleculares de los cánceres urológicos como herramientas de medicina de precisión para permitirnos predecir a qué tratamientos y pacientes individuales podría responder el cáncer.

Para comenzar, recoja una muestra de tumor macroscópicamente viable fresca de la cirugía y asegúrese de que la muestra esté sumergida en un medio de transporte en un tubo cónico estéril de 50 mililitros o en un frasco de muestra de orina durante el tránsito. Registre los detalles de la muestra, incluido el peso del tejido, la descripción de la muestra y los detalles sobre cualquier muestra de sangre y orina en la hoja de procesamiento de la muestra del paciente. Reemplace cuidadosamente el medio de transporte con 10 mililitros de medios basales y permita que el tejido tumoral se asiente por gravedad.

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