Chapter 2
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Chapter 2
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently …
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections …
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, primarily caused by viral or bacterial infections.
The most common viral causes of tonsillitis include …
Treatment strategies for tonsillitis include the following:
For viral tonsillitis, outpatient supportive management is the primary approach, involving …
Epistaxis, or a nosebleed, is caused by the rupture of small, distended vessels in the mucous membrane of any nose area.
Possible causes include trauma, …
Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term “tonsils” refers to …
This protocol describes noninvasive sampling of undisturbed upper airway mucosal lining fluid. It also details the extraction procedure used prior to the …
The methods of nasal absorption (NA) and bronchial absorption (BA) use synthetic absorptive matrices (SAM) to absorb the mucosal lining fluid (MLF) of the …