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Chapter 6

Diagnostic Studies of Respiratory System

Chapter 6

Diagnostic Studies of Respiratory System

Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture
Sputum studies are key in diagnosing respiratory issues, identifying pathogens, and detecting cancer cells. The three crucial sputum studies include Gram …
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity
Description Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most …
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
Chest X-rays capture images of the chest, heart, lungs, and blood vessels to screen and diagnose respiratory issues. They detect abnormalities like fluid, …
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to obtain detailed images of the lung that help diagnose conditions like pulmonary …
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan
A pulmonary angiogram is an invasive procedure where a catheter is inserted through a femoral vein and threaded through the right side of the heart into …
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that visualizes the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Diagnostic bronchoscopy enables the visualization and assessment …
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis
Thoracocentesis, also known as thoracentesis or pleural tap, involves inserting a large-bore needle through the chest wall into the pleural space using …
Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG
Arterial Blood Gas, or ABG, studies are vital for assessing lung function in oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, reflecting ventilation status. It …
Pulmonary Function Tests
Pulmonary Function Tests, or PFT, are diagnostic tools that use a spirometer to measure lung volumes and airflow, recording the amount and rate of air a …
Pulse Oximetry
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring the oxygen saturation or SpO2. Average SpO2 values are above 95%. Readings below 90% …
Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important molecular imaging platform that is required for accurate …
Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
Segmentation is a complex task, faced by radiologists and researchers as radiomics and machine learning grow in potentiality. The process can either be …
Quality-Controlled Sputum Analysis by Flow Cytometry
Sputum, widely used to study the cellular content and other microenvironmental features to understand the health of the lung, is traditionally analyzed …