Chapter 19
Lower Respiratory Disorders
Chapter 19
Lower Respiratory Disorders
Asthma, a chronic respiratory condition, entails airway inflammation, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways.
It is categorized as …
Bronchodilators play a pivotal role in asthma management. They ease airway constriction by relaxing bronchial muscles.
One class of bronchodilators …
Methylxanthines, such as theophylline, act as bronchodilators to manage asthma.
Theophylline's exact mechanism of action is complex, potentially …
Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, effectively manage chronic asthma by targeting inflammatory mediators produced …
Muscarinic receptor antagonists, or antimuscarinic agents, are a class of bronchodilators used for asthma treatment. They inhibit the action of …
Inhaled corticosteroids, or ICS, are potent anti-inflammatory drugs pivotal in asthma management. They precisely target the bronchial mucosa to control …
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE drugs play a crucial role in asthma management.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as …
COPD, short for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive lung disease that primarily affects the airways, leading to the gradual loss of …
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, encompasses progressive lung conditions, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
Its symptoms …
Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting some 300 million people throughout the world.1 More than 8% of the US population has asthma, …
Pneumonia, the inflammatory state of lung tissue primarily due to microbial infection, claimed 52,306 lives in the United States in 20071 and resulted in …
Many chronic airway diseases result in mucus plugging of the airways. Lungs of an individual with cystic fibrosis are an exemplary case where their …