Thinking, Language And Intelligence

Cognitive psychology emerged in the mid-20th century and studies how individuals process and use information to remember, think, and understand their …

The human nervous system translates sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes into information as thoughts and memories, forming …

In psychology, concepts are divided into two categories — natural and artificial concepts. Natural concepts form through direct or indirect …

Schemas are pre-existing mental constructs that organize related concepts, making information processing efficient. There are many types of schemas, and …

Language is a communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other species, such as dogs, which …

Language has two specific components — lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language consisting of words. Additionally, words are …

Children master language quickly, aided by biological predisposition and reinforcement. Skinner proposed language learning through reinforcement, while …

Language connects ideas and facilitates communication, shaping how people perceive and interact with the world. In the 1940s, Edward Sapir and Benjamin …

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective …

Trial and error and algorithms are widely used problem-solving strategies in daily life. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one …

Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use mental shortcuts to simplify decision-making and solve problems. While heuristics provide a general …

Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning …

Decision-making involves evaluating alternatives and choosing among them, such as deciding on a course of action in a difficult situation. Some decisions …

Critical thinking involves reflective and productive thinking and evaluating evidence, such as questioning nutritional claims by checking the ingredient …

Creative thinking involves innovative and unconventional approaches to problem-solving. For example, instead of increasing a smartphone's battery …

Intelligence is the mental capacity to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from …

Raymond Cattell identified two types of intelligence — fluid and crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence involves solving new problems and …

Robert Sternberg proposed the Triarchic theory of intelligence, which divides intelligence into three types — analytical, creative, and practical. …

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence identifies nine distinct types of intelligence. Verbal-linguistic intelligence involves using language …

One way psychologists measure intelligence is by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. The key …

In 1904, the French Ministry of Education tasked Alfred Binet with identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom …

David Wechsler, a psychologist, believed intelligence involves purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. He …

A bell curve, or normal distribution, is a symmetrical, bell-shaped graph showing how data points are distributed around the mean. Many human traits, such …

Biological factors like the size of the brain and the specific brain regions, along with genetics, influence intelligence. Intellectual abilities, like …

Environmental factors such as good nutrition, supportive parenting, quality schools, and stable neighborhoods significantly influence intelligence. These …