Memory

Memory is a cognitive process that involves retaining information or experiences over time. It is facilitated by three main processes: encoding, storage, …

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their …

Encoding is the process by which information gets input into the memory system. It involves the brain labeling sensory information received from the …

Sensory memory stores information from the environment, such as sights, sounds, and tastes, in its original sensory form, and it lasts only for a couple …

Working memory is a dynamic system that combines short-term memory and attention. For example, solving mathematical problems requires temporary retention …

Chunking and rehearsal are two effective techniques to enhance short-term memory. Chunking involves grouping information into higher-order units that can …

Storage in memory involves the process of keeping information for future use. Schemas are mental frameworks that help to organize and interpret …

Long-term memory, or LTM, stores vast amounts of information for extended periods. LTM is categorized into two types: explicit memory and implicit …

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, involve conscious recollection of events and facts. Explicit memory can be categorized into two …

Playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting rely on implicit or non-declarative memory, which includes long-term memories that influence behavior through …

The serial position effect illustrates that individuals tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle. For instance, …

Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. Retrieval is essential for daily tasks like …

Autobiographical memory, a form of episodic memory, involves recalling life experiences, such as the excitement of an individual's first job. It is …

A flashbulb memory is an exceptionally vivid and detailed recollection of an event. It is often associated with significant emotional impact and is …

A traumatic memory is a vivid and distressing recollection of a traumatic event, such as a car accident, that can intrusively resurface with exceptional …

Repressed memories involve the unconscious blocking of traumatic experiences from conscious awareness. For example, individuals who have experienced …

Eyewitness memory refers to a person's recollection of events they have directly witnessed. It is often used as evidence in legal settings. For …

The amygdala, a small, almond-shaped structure within the brain, plays a crucial role in processing memories of emotionally charged events associated with …

The hippocampus is a small, seahorse-shaped structure in the brain that plays a crucial role in memory processing, particularly in forming and retrieving …

The cerebellum is a fist-sized part of the brain located at the back of the head. It is vital for procedural memory, which enables learning motor tasks …

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in transmitting signals across synapses in the brain. Neurotransmitter-mediated …

Forgetting is a process in which memories become inaccessible or lost over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus pioneered studies on forgetting and developed the …

Interference and decay are two key processes that contribute to forgetting. Interference occurs when competing memories impair the ability to retrieve …

The Tip-of-the-Tongue phenomenon is a cognitive state in which a person temporarily cannot recall a word or piece of information despite feeling that they …

Chunking is a cognitive strategy that enhances short-term memory by organizing information into smaller, manageable units, or "chunks." This …

Elaborative rehearsal is a cognitive strategy that aids in transferring information from short-term to long-term memory by linking new information with …

Mnemonic devices are memory aids that enhance our memory by associating new information with familiar or organized patterns. Some mnemonic devices are …

False memories are a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals recall events that never occurred or are distorted versions of actual events. Research into …

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories. There are several types of …

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by a decline in cognitive function affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. Early symptoms include forgetting …