Personality

Personality refers to enduring traits and behavior patterns that shape how individuals think, feel, and act, influencing their interactions and identity. …

The psychodynamic perspective is a psychological approach that emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Originating from Sigmund …

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, developed the psychoanalytic theory based on several key assumptions. Psychic determinism is the belief that …

Freud's structure of self is often compared to an iceberg, with the small visible part representing the conscious mind and the much larger submerged …

The oral stage is the first stage of psychosexual development in humans, as proposed by Sigmund Freud. This stage spans from birth to approximately 12 to …

After the oral stage, children enter Freud's anal stage, which occurs between 18 months and three years of age. During this stage, children derive …

The third stage of psychosexual development proposed by Freud is known as the phallic stage, occurring between the ages of three and six. During this …

The latency period follows the phallic stage of psychosexual development proposed by Freud and occurs between the ages of 6 and 12. Freud believed that no …

The genital stage is the fifth and final stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory, typically beginning around age 12 or at puberty. It marks a …

Karen Horney, a feminist personality theorist, believed that every individual holds the potential for self-realization. She argued that jealousy, …

Carl Jung developed analytical theory, which aims to balance conscious and unconscious thoughts and experiences within an individual's personality. …

Alfred Adler founded individual psychology, emphasizing that individuals are driven by goals and purposes rather than pleasure, with the pursuit of …

Behaviorists argue that personality is shaped primarily by reinforcements and consequences in the environment. Similarly, radical behaviorists identify …

Social cognitive perspectives on personality highlight conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals. These perspectives integrate principles of …

Julian Rotter introduced the concept of locus of control, which refers to an individual's belief about their control over life events and outcomes. …

Rogers pioneered the humanistic approach to psychology, emphasizing a person's capacity for personal growth and innate ability to control their lives, …

Abraham Maslow pioneered the humanistic approach to personality and developed a hierarchy of needs to explain motivation. Maslow suggests that humans …

Gordon Allport's trait theory emphasizes that personality can be described based on traits, which are relatively stable characteristics that lead …

Raymond Cattell, a pioneer in trait theory, emphasized that traits don't exist as simply present or absent; instead, they are expressed on a continuum …

Hans and Sybil Eysenck emphasized innate temperaments and biological influences on personality, identifying extroversion or introversion and neuroticism …

The Five-factor model of personality describes personality as a set of five broad traits — openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, …

Subjective well-being refers to how individuals evaluate their positive affect in relation to negative affect and their evaluation of life in general. It …

Traits are general patterns of thinking, feeling, or behaving that reflect a person's average tendencies across all situations. For example, someone …

Cross-cultural research extensively focuses on a key personality dimension: individualism versus collectivism. In individualist cultures, such as the …

Self-report inventories are objective tests used to assess personality and often feature multiple-choice questions or numbered scales. The Minnesota …