Cardiovascular Diagnostic Studies and Procedures

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood during cardiac cell injury. They aid in the management of myocardial …

Cardiac biomarkers are crucial for diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. The standard measured markers in clinical settings to …

Serum lipids are crucial blood fats for energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production, primarily consisting of cholesterol, triglycerides, …

An electrocardiogram, or ECG, uses a standard 12-lead with four-limb electrodes placed on the inner wrists and ankles, creating six limb leads: I, II, …

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor. Components of the Electrocardiogram The …

Arrhythmia is any disturbance in the heart's rhythm that leads to abnormal heartbeats. These disruptions can compromise the heart's ability to …

Exercise stress testing evaluates cardiovascular function and diagnoses heart conditions by measuring the heart's response to exertion using a …

Echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to capture heart images called echocardiograms. It diagnoses heart failure and valve disorders and assesses cardiac …

Echocardiography is a technique that helps detect cardiac issues. Here are some types of echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography involves …

X-ray and fluoroscopy are essential cardiac imaging techniques that use ionizing radiation to capture images. Radiation safety precautions must be …

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create …

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, …

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. …

Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart’s electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to …

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood …

Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary …

Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally …

Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, …

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of …