Chapter 4
Pharmacokinetics: Drug Distribution and Protein Binding
Chapter 4
Pharmacokinetics: Drug Distribution and Protein Binding
Distribution refers to the two-way movement of a drug between different compartments within the body.
It is a passive process driven by the concentration …
Drug distribution across biological membranes to target tissues relies on the drug's physicochemical properties, such as molecular size, ionization …
Drug distribution is governed by several physiological barriers.
The simple capillary endothelial barrier limits the passage of drugs larger than 600 …
Drug distribution can be perfusion rate-limited, particularly when the drug is highly lipophilic, and the membrane to cross is highly permeable.
The …
Drug distribution can be affected by various factors.
It can vary with age due to differences in body composition. For instance, older adults have less …
The apparent volume of distribution or Vd is a key pharmacokinetic parameter signifying the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses.
It …
Protein-drug binding is the interaction between drugs and proteins in the body.
It can be either intracellular binding, which involves drug interactions …
When drugs enter the systemic circulation, they interact with blood components like human serum albumin or HSA, α1-acid glycoprotein or AAG, …
Body tissues comprise 40-90% of body weight depending on body composition. They can serve as drug storage sites, competing with plasma binding sites.
…
Protein-drug binding is determined through indirect and direct methods.
Indirect methods involve isolating the bound drug from its free form in biological …
Protein-drug binding can be affected by various drug-related factors.
The degree of protein binding is closely related to a drug's lipophilicity, with …
Drug binding to proteins depends on various factors, including physicochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of …
Drug displacement interactions arise when drugs compete for the same binding site, leading to displacement.
The extent of displacement depends on the …
Protein-drug binding varies with many patient-related factors.
Age impacts binding due to varying protein content in different age groups. Neonates …
Cutaneous pharmacokinetics (cPK) after topical formulation application has been a research area of particular interest for regulatory and drug development …
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are impurities that can adversely affect therapeutic proteins, even in small quantities. To evaluate the potential risks …
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key physiological component of the central nervous system (CNS), maintaining nutrients, clearing waste, and protecting …