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Social Psychology
Présentation de soi : l'auto contrôle et l'auto-handicap
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Présentation de soi : l'auto contrôle et l'auto-handicap
JoVE Core
Social Psychology
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JoVE Core Social Psychology
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

7.6: Présentation de soi : l'auto contrôle et l'auto-handicap

45,029 Views
02:05 min
February 12, 2020
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you behave around your coworkers versus the way you behave around your grandparents versus the way you behave with a blind date. Even if you’re not consciously trying to alter your personality, your grandparents, coworkers, and date probably see different sides of you.

As in a play, the setting matters as well. If you have a group of friends over to your house for dinner, you are playing the role of a host. It is agreed upon that you will provide food and seating and probably be stuck with a lot of the cleanup at the end of the night. Similarly, your friends are playing the roles of guests, and they are expected to respect your property and any rules you may set forth (“Don’t leave the door open or the cat will get out.”). In any scene, there needs to be a shared reality between players. In this case, if you view yourself as a guest and others view you as a host, there are likely to be problems.

Impression management is a critical component of symbolic interactionism. For example, a judge in a courtroom has many “props” to create an impression of fairness, gravity, and control—like her robe and gavel. Those entering the courtroom are expected to adhere to the scene being set. Just imagine the “impression” that can be made by how a person dresses. This is the reason that attorneys frequently select the hairstyle and apparel for witnesses and defendants in courtroom proceedings.

Self-Handicapping: A Strategy 

People may not live up to the self that they want to portray. As a result, they can use a strategy called self-handicapping (Jones & Berglas, 1978). Self-handicapping is the tendency to engage in self-defeating behaviors to have an excuse ready in case of potential failure or poor performance. Have you ever stayed up late and partied before a big exam? That way, if you failed, you could blame fatigue and a hangover on your poor performance, rather than your ability.  

 

This text is adapted from OpenStax, Psychology. OpenStax CNX.

Transcript

Étant donné que la présentation extérieure d’une personne peut affecter la façon dont les autres la perçoivent, quelqu’un peut tenter de contrôler les impressions qu’une autre personne forme à son sujet.

Par exemple, derrière des portes closes, une personne peut se détendre, manger de la malbouffe et regarder ses épisodes préférés. À l’inverse, lorsqu’elle se retrouve sous les feux de la rampe, elle parade toujours en tant qu’athlète soucieuse de sa santé.

Une telle manœuvre dramatique, ou gestion de l’impression, s’appelle la présentation de soi – l’idée que les gens se présentent de la manière dont ils veulent que les autres les voient. Ce qui est pertinent pour l’acte, c’est le visage, l’image publique que l’on veut faire croire.

Aujourd’hui, le degré de modification des interactions peut varier par le biais d’un processus d’auto-surveillance – la tendance d’une personne à surveiller son propre comportement pour s’adapter aux exigences de la situation actuelle.

Par exemple, une personne, comme l’athlète soucieux de sa santé, serait un auto-surveillant élevé. Elle change de comportement en fonction de la condition actuelle.

D’un autre côté, une personne peu auto-surveillée, dans ce cas, son ancien petit ami, est plus susceptible de s’en tenir à ses propres préférences et dispositions, avec un minimum de considération pour ce que les autres pensent.

Au fil du temps, les gens ne peuvent pas toujours être à la hauteur de leur moi public préféré. Par exemple, peut-être que quelques collègues lui demandent de rejoindre leur club de course compétitif. Pour se protéger de l’embarras public – elle n’a jamais couru de marathon auparavant – elle se « foule » stratégiquement la cheville plutôt que d’essayer et éventuellement d’échouer à terminer.

Ce revers est l’auto-handicap – la tendance à s’engager dans des comportements autodestructeurs pour avoir une excuse prête en cas d’échec potentiel ou de mauvaise performance.

Inutile de dire que l’utilisation généralisée des médias sociaux peut également faciliter la représentation d’un visage particulier, qui n’est peut-être pas tout à fait authentique et précis, surtout lorsque des caractéristiques physiques et des apparences sont en jeu.

Explore More Videos

Auto-présentation Auto-surveillance Auto-handicap Gestion de l’impression Image publique Visage Adaptation du comportement Autosurveillance élevée Autosurveillance faible Soi préféré Gêne publique

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