University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

20 articles published in JoVE

• Developmental Biology

  
  An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Yixuan Feng^1,2, Tai Wang^1,2,3, Lingtong Liu^{1 1}Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences The tomato seed is an important model for studying genetics and developmental biology during plant reproduction. This protocol is useful for clearing tomato seeds at different developmental stages to observe the finer embryonic structure.

• Bioengineering

  
  Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization Fengqiang Cao*^1,2,3, Yali Ming*^3,4, Weixiang Gao^3,4, Jia Ge³, Kenji Ogino^{1,2 1}Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, ²Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, ³State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences To rationally design efficient adjuvants, we developed poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticle-stabilized Pickering emulsion (PNPE). The PNPE possessed unique softness and a hydrophobic interface for potent cellular contact and offered high-content antigen loading, improving the cellular affinity of the delivery system to antigen-presenting cells and inducing efficient internalization of antigens.

• Engineering

  
  Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator Peng Xie*^1,2, Xinyu Wang*^1,2, Weiqiang Wang^1,2, Wenfu Zhang^1,2, Zhizhou Lu^1,2, Yang Wang^1,2, Wei Zhao^{1,2 1}State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Here, we present a protocol to generate soliton crystals in a butterfly-packaged micro-ring resonator using a thermal tuned method. Further, the repetition rate fluctuations of a soliton crystal with a single vacancy are measured using a delayed self-heterodyne method.

• Environment

  
  Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Bird Embryo Development by Hatching without Eggshell Liyi Wang^1,2, Nana Xue^1,2, Wenfeng Li², Rehemanjiang Wufuer¹, Daoyong Zhang^{1,3 1}Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology This paper introduces a method of hatching without using an eggshell for toxicological studies of particle pollutants such as microplastics.

• Immunology and Infection

  
  Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β₂-Microglobulin Di Zhang*^1,2, Kefang Liu*^3,4, Dan Lu*^2,5, Pengyan Wang^1,2, Qingxu Zhang^1,2, Peipei Liu², Yingze Zhao², Yan Chai⁴, Jianxin Lyu¹, Jianxun Qi⁴, William J. Liu^{1,2 1}School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, ²NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, ³Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, ⁴CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ⁵Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The protocol describes experimental methods to obtain stable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I through potential β2-microglobulin (β2m) substitutions from different species. The structural comparison of MHC I stabilized by homologous and heterologous β2m were investigated.

• Engineering

  
  Improving the Combustion Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Engine using a Novel Fuel Grain with a Nested Helical Structure Zezhong Wang^1,2, Xin Lin¹, Fei Li¹, Zelin Zhang¹, Xilong Yu^{1,2 1}Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences A technique utilizing a solid fuel grain with a novel nested helical structure to improve the combustion performance of a hybrid rocket engine is presented.

• Immunology and Infection

  
  Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice Meng Wang*¹, Yuanyuan Huang*¹, Wangpeng Gu^2,3, Haikun Wang^{1 1}CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, ³State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences This paper describes protocols of evaluating Tfh and GC B response in mouse model of influenza virus infection.

• Engineering

  
  Graphene-Assisted Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy of AlN Film on Nano-Patterned Sapphire Substrate for Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes Xiang Zhang*^1,2, Zhaolong Chen*³, Hongliang Chang^1,2, Jianchang Yan^1,2, Shenyuan Yang^2,4, Junxi Wang^1,2, Peng Gao⁵, Tongbo Wei^{1,2 1}State Key Laboratory of Solid-State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, ³Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, ⁴State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ⁵Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University A protocol for graphene-assisted growth of high-quality AlN films on nano-patterned sapphire substrate is presented.

• Genetics

  
  Tomato Root Transformation Followed by Inoculation with Ralstonia Solanacearum for Straightforward Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Disease Rafael J. L. Morcillo¹, Achen Zhao^1,2, María I. Tamayo-Navarrete³, José M. García-Garrido³, Alberto P. Macho^{1 1}Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) Here, we present a versatile method for tomato root transformation followed by inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum to perform straightforward genetic analysis for the study of bacterial wilt disease.

• Engineering

  
  Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite Li Duan*^1,2, Yongli Yin*³, Jia Wang*¹, Qi Kang^1,2, Di Wu¹, Huan Jiang¹, Pu Zhang¹, Liang Hu^{1 1}National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³China Astronaut Research and Training Center A protocol for the space payload design, the space experiment on thermocapillary convection, and analyses of experimental data and images are presented in this paper.

• Chemistry

  
  Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method Zhihui Tu^1,2, Jian Yin³, Liangxu Xie^{4 1}State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³XtalPi Inc. (Shenzhen Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd.), ⁴Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology A protocol that uses enhanced QM/MM method to investigate the isotopic effect on the double proton transfer process in porphycene is presented here.

• Engineering

  
  Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Tianzhuo Zhao^1,2,3, Xin Li^1,2, Qixiu Zhong^1,2, Hong Xiao^1,3, Shuzhen Nie^1,3, Fuqiang Lian^1,3, Sining Sun⁴, Zhongwei Fan^{1,2,3 1}The Academy of Opto-electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³National Engineering Research Center for DPSSL, ⁴Beijing GK Laser Technology Co., Ltd. During vacuum induction melting, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is used to perform real-time quantitative analysis of the main-ingredient elements of a molten alloy.

• Chemistry

  
  Separation of Uranium and Thorium for ²³⁰Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides Lisheng Wang^1,2,3, Xuefeng Wang^1,2, Jun Ye⁴, Zhibang Ma^1,2, Weifang Yang⁵, Jule Xiao^{1,2 1}Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ⁴First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, ⁵Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration The protocol describes a method to purify and separate the U and Th nuclide in submarine hydrothermal sulfide sample with Fe co-precipitation and extraction chromatography for ²³⁰Th-U disequilibrium dating.

• Behavior

  
  A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats Shaofei Jiang^1,2, Yue Zhang^1,2, Xigeng Zheng^1,2, Haoshuang Luo^1,2, Zhengkui Liu^1,2, Yunjing Bai^{1,2 1}CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences This conflict model is used to measure the impairment of inhibitory control after exposure to addictive drugs, or other factors that may influence inhibitory control. A sexual stimulus and an aversive obstacle are concurrently presented, thus male rats have to conquer the obstacle to approach the sexual reward.

• Biology

  
  Visualizing the Interaction Between the Qdot-labeled Protein and Site-specifically Modified λ DNA at the Single Molecule Level Huijun Xue*^1,2, Zhengyan Zhan*¹, Kaining Zhang^1,2, Yu Vincent Fu^{1,2 1}State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Here, we present a protocol to study DNA-protein interactions by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) using a site-specifically modified λ DNA substrate and a Quantum-dot labeled protein.

• Behavior

  
  Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila Lifen Jiang*^1,2, Yinpeng Zhan*^2,3, Yan Zhu^{2,3 1}School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, ²State key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Quantitative food-intake assays with dyed food provide a robust and high-throughput means to evaluate feeding motivation. Combining the food consumption assay with thermogenetic and optogenetic screens is a powerful approach to investigate the neural circuits underlying appetite in adult Drosophila melanogaster.

• Developmental Biology

  
  A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation Qinggang Dai*¹, Yujiao Han*², Furong Xie*¹, Xuhui Ma³, Zhan Xu², Xiao Liu¹, Weiguo Zou², Jun Wang^{1 1}Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, ²State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine This manuscript describes a protocol to isolate and culture osteoclasts in vitro from mouse bone marrow, and to study the role of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 in osteoclast formation.

• Genetics

  
  CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy Xuan Yao^1,2, Xing Wang^1,2, Junlai Liu^2,3,4, Linyu Shi¹, Pengyu Huang³, Hui Yang^{1 1}Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, ³School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, ⁴Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system provides a promising tool for genetic engineering, and opens up the possibility of targeted integration of transgenes. We describe a homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ)-based strategy for efficient DNA targeted integration in vivo and targeted gene therapies using CRISPR/Cas9.

• Developmental Biology

  
  Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis Junhua Lv^1,2, Feng Liu^{1,2 1}State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences This protocol describes using cultured Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros for expression analyses, colony-forming units in the culture and spleen, and long-term reconstitution to determine the effect of regulatory factors and signaling pathways on hematopoietic stem cell development. This has been demonstrated as an effective system for studying hematopoietic stem cell biology and function.

• Engineering

  
  The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy Libo Zhang¹, Junjie Zhu², Hao Ren², Dongdong Liu³, Dan Meng⁴, Yanjun Wu¹, Tiejian Luo^{5 1}Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ²Hunan University, ³Fuyang Normal University, ⁴Anhui Normal University, ⁵University of Chinese Academy of Sciences We present a protocol on modular design and production of intelligent robots to help scientific and technical workers design intelligent robots with special production tasks based on personal needs and individualized design.