St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne 6 articles published in JoVE Immunology and Infection Quantification of Proliferating Human Antigen-specific CD4+ T Cells using Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl Ester Anthony R. Di Carluccio1, Eleonora Tresoldi1, Michelle So1, Stuart I. Mannering1,2 1 Presented here is a protocol for measuring proliferating CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic proteins or peptides using dye dilution. This assay is particularly sensitive to rare antigen-specific T cells and can be modified to facilitate cloning of antigen-specific cells. Neuroscience Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers Andria Pelentritou1, Levin Kuhlmann1, John Cormack2, Will Woods3, Jamie Sleigh4, David Liley1 1Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, 2 Simultaneous magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography provides a useful tool to search for common and distinct macro-scale mechanisms of reductions in consciousness induced by different anesthetics. This paper illustrates the empirical methods underlying the recording of such data from healthy humans during N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-(NMDA)-receptor-antagonist-based anesthesia during inhalation of nitrous oxide and xenon. Medicine Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood Riccardo Sfriso1,2, Anjan Bongoni3, Yara Banz4, Nikolai Klymiuk5, Eckhard Wolf5, Robert Rieben1 1Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 2Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3 We present an in vitro model which allows the study and analysis of coagulation in whole, non-anticoagulated blood. Anticoagulation in the system depends on the natural anticoagulation effect of healthy endothelial cells and endothelial cell activation will result in clotting. Medicine Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury Kai-Zheong Lim*1, Christopher D. Daly*1,2,3, Peter Ghosh4, Graham Jenkin3, David Oehme5, Justin Cooper-White6,7, Taryn Naidoo6, Tony Goldschlager1,8 1Department of Surgery, Monash University, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Monash University, 3The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 4Proteobioactives, Pty Ltd, 5 Intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant contributor to back pain and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Numerous animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration exist. We demonstrate an ovine model of intervertebral disc degeneration, utilizing a drill bit, which achieves a consistent disc injury and reproducible level of disc degeneration. Medicine Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks David A.X. Nayagam1,2, Irfan Durmo3, Ceara McGowan1, Richard A. Williams2,4, Robert K. Shepherd1,5, Bionic Vision Australia Consortia, 1Bionics Institute, 2Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 3Cochlear Limited, 4 Here we describe histological techniques for visualising ocular tissue directly adjacent to a metal epiretinal tack and retinal prosthesis. Medicine Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis David A. X. Nayagam1,2,3, Ceara McGowan1, Joel Villalobos1, Richard A. Williams2,3, Cesar Salinas-LaRosa2,3, Penny McKelvie2,3, Irene Lo2,3, Meri Basa2,3, Justin Tan1, Chris E. Williams1,3,4 1Bionics Institute, 2 Techniques for visualizing retinal cytoarchitecture directly adjacent to individual electrodes within a retinal stimulator.