Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney 3 articles published in JoVE Bioengineering Cardiac Spheroids as in vitro Bioengineered Heart Tissues to Study Human Heart Pathophysiology Poonam Sharma1,2,3,4, Carmine Gentile2,3,4 1University of Newcastle, 2University of Sydney, 3Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, 4University of Technology, Sydney This protocol aims to fabricate 3D cardiac spheroids (CSs) by co-culturing cells in hanging drops. Collagen-embedded CSs are treated with doxorubicin (DOX, a cardiotoxic agent) at physiological concentrations to model heart failure. In vitro testing using DOX-treated CSs may be used to identify novel therapies for heart failure patients. Bioengineering Transplantation of a 3D Bioprinted Patch in a Murine Model of Myocardial Infarction Christopher D. Roche1,2,3,4, Carmine Gentile1,2,3 1The University of Sydney, 2University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 3The Royal North Shore Hospital, 4University Hospital of Wales This protocol aims to transplant a 3D bioprinted patch onto the epicardium of infarcted mice modeling heart failure. It includes details regarding anesthesia, the surgical chest opening, permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and application of a bioprinted patch onto the infarcted area of the heart. Medicine Orthotopic Implantation and Peripheral Immune Cell Monitoring in the II-45 Syngeneic Rat Mesothelioma Model Chris J. Weir1, Amanda L. Hudson1, Lyndsay Peters2, Viive M. Howell1 1Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, 2Northern Blood Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney The generation of an orthotopic rat model of pleural malignant mesothelioma by implantation of II-45 mesothelioma cells into the pleural cavity of immune competent rats is presented. A flow cytometric method to analyze seven immune cell subsets in these animals from a 25 µl blood sample is also described.