CNRS & UniversitE Paris Descartes 1 article published in JoVE Biology In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alice Verchère1, Manuela Dezi1, Isabelle Broutin1, Martin Picard1 1Laboratoire de Cristallographie & RMN Biologiques, CNRS & Université Paris Descartes We present a protocol for the in vitro investigation of efflux pumps from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This protocol allows for the generation of a robust, reversible, and tunable proton gradient within the liposome membrane and hence should be adaptable to any membrane protein energized by the protomotive force.