Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center 1 article published in JoVE Neuroscience Assessment of Thermal Damage from Robot-Drilled Craniotomy for Cranial Window Surgery in Mice George F. Hoeferlin*1,2, Dhariyat M. Menendez*1,2, Olivia K. Krebs1,2, Jeffrey R. Capadona1,2, Andrew J. Shoffstall1,2 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Cranial windows have become a ubiquitously implemented surgical technique to allow for intravital imaging in transgenic mice. This protocol describes the use of a surgical robot that performs semi-automated bone drilling of cranial windows and can help reduce surgeon-to-surgeon variability and partially mitigate thermal blood-brain barrier damage.