Santos Dumont Institute 1 article published in JoVE Neuroscience Stereotaxic Surgery for Implantation of Microelectrode Arrays in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Samuel Alexander Budoff*1,2, José Firmino Rodrigues Neto*1, Valéria Arboés1, Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento1, Carolina Bione Kunicki1, Mariana Ferreira Pereira de Araújo1,3 1Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, 2Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 3Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo This work presents a protocol to perform a stereotaxic, neurosurgical implantation of microelectrode arrays in the common marmoset. This method specifically enables electrophysiological recordings in freely behaving animals but can be easily adapted to any other similar neurosurgical intervention in this species (e.g., cannula for drug administration or electrodes for brain stimulation).